汉语程度特指问编码策略的类型学研究——兼论程度疑问代词的演变模型  

A typological study on the coding strategies of Chinese whquestions on degree::The evolution models of Chinese interrogative pronouns of degree

作　　者：陈鑫颖 盛益民 CHEN Xinying;SHENG Yimin

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系,上海 [2]复旦大学现代语言学研究院

出　　处：《中国语文》2023年第3期279-290,382,共13页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“吴语语料库建设和吴语比较研究”(20&ZD301);国家社科基金重点项目“汉语方言语法特征语料库建设”(19AYY004)的支持。

摘　　要：程度特指问提问属性量,构造形式是“程度疑问代词+量项成分”,量项成分为等级义成分;由于程度具有数值和等级描写的双重内涵,程度特指问也能用以上两者回答。基于跨方言比较,汉语程度特指问的类型特点有:1)构造类型有光杆型、后缀型、正反型、正反-后缀型和重叠型五种;2)部分方言存在句法变异,构造类型和程度疑问代词的选择,与量项成分是否可量度、是否区分中性问和偏向问相关;3)程度疑问代词来源于数量疑问代词、方式疑问代词或程度副词。文章最后提出汉语程度疑问代词的语义演变模型,讨论共性与个性问题。Wh-questions on degree ask about the quantity of certain attribute in the form of“interrogative pronoun of degree+quantity item",in which the quantity item is often a gradable adjective.Since the category of degree has a dual connotation of both numeral value and the description of scale,wh-questions on degree can also be answered in two ways accordingly.Based on cross-dialect comparisons,Chinese wh-questions on degree has the following characteristics:1)The quantity item can be a bare adjective,a form with suffix,a compound of antonymic pair,or such a pair with a suffix,and a reduplicated form;2)In certain dialects,syntactic variations are found in relation to whether the quantity item is measurable or whether neutral questions and biased questions are semantically distinguished;3)The interrogative pronouns of degree are derived from those of quantity,of manner or adverbs of degree.The paper also proposes a semantic model of the evolution of Chinese interrogative pronouns of degree and discusses its universals and variations.

关 键 词：程度特指问 构造类型 程度疑问代词 句法变异 演变模型 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]