语音单位与元音复杂性  

Speech unit and the complexity of vowels

作　　者：胡方 HU Fang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学,北京 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2023年第3期329-342,383,384,共16页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：本文根据语言的实际产出论证元音的复杂性问题。来自汉语方言的材料显示,升峰与降峰双元音性质不同。升峰双元音是一个元音序列,拥有两个声学目标;而降峰双元音是一个动态元音,只拥有一个动态的声学目标。而且,单双元音之间甚至并非明确二分。来自徽语的材料显示,央化双元音化呈现一个渐变的过程,即单元音从语音层面的央化双元音化开始,渐渐获得音系地位,并在语音上也变得越来越接近常态双元音。此外,来自北京地区儿童普通话元音的早期产出数据也显示,元音的动态与静态区别是元音的高低、前后对立之外的另一项重要的早期发展。因此,证据导向的元音产出研究抛弃传统上关于单复元音的机械分类,提倡元音动态理论。This paper explores vowel complexity by examining vowel production in Chinese dialects and Mandarin child speech.Acoustic analyses on Chinese dialects show that falling diphthong is dfferent from rising diphthong.The former has a dynamic spectral target while the latter contains two spectral targets.Hence,a falling diphthong is a dynamic vowel whereas a rising diphthong is a sequence of two vowels.Besides,the gradient centering diphthongization in Hui dialects suggests that there is no dichotomy but a continuum between monophthongs and diphthongs.Furthermore,statistics from Mandarin child speech reveal that in addition to vowel height and backness,vowel dynamics is another important feature in the early development of Mandarin vowels,which also supports the dynamic theory of vowel production.

关 键 词：语音基本单位 单元音 复合元音 双元音化 元音动态理论 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]