新生代温室和冰室气候背景下动物区系的演变  

Faunal evolution under the background of the Cenozoic greenhouse and icehouse climate

作　　者：邓涛[1,2,3] 侯素宽 吴飞翔[1,2] Tao Deng;Sukuan Hou;&Feixiang Wu(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China;Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京100044 [3]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第12期1557-1566,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB26030000,XDB31000000,XDA20070203);国家自然科学基金(41872005,41872006)资助。

摘　　要：地球上的生命演化,到新生代生态体系已经接近现今的世界.随着造礁生物的出现并孕育了大量海洋生物,特别是鱼类占据了现今脊椎动物分类多样性的半数以上,现代的生物圈与水圈的关系更加密切.新生代显著的全球性气候事件对生态系统产生了巨大的影响,哺乳动物在此环境背景下经历了由古老类群为主向现代类群为主的转变,而鱼类区系在多样性组成和地理分布上更加趋近现今的面貌.新生代冰室-温室气候频繁转换,虽然中间有过多次小幅升温事件,但整体是一个降温的趋势.古新世/始新世界线代表了哺乳动物进化的一个重要时期,其气候环境背景是55.8 Ma的全球平均气温比现今高8°C;湿润的气候条件导致哺乳动物向北迁徙,而许多哺乳动物的目,包括灵长目、奇蹄目和偶蹄目等在此事件之后很快出现,并依靠高纬度地区的陆桥迅速扩散. 2.6 Ma全球气温第一次下降到低于现今的水平,导致海水大量结冰,海平面大幅度下降,白令海峡露出海面成为联通北美和欧亚大陆的桥梁,促进了两个大陆之间的动物交流.水循环不仅影响到全球动物区系的演变,也与生物资源的安全和人类的未来发展息息相关.The Cenozoic ecosystem was similar to today’s world throughout the evolution of life on Earth.The current biosphere is more closely related to the hydrosphere due to the emergence of reef-building organisms and the breeding of a large number of marine organisms,particularly fish,which account for more than half of today’s vertebrate taxonomic diversity.The humidity change determined by the water vapor condition controls the turnovers of forests,grasslands,and other vegetation,resulting in obvious regional differences in the composition and characteristics of mammalian faunas in different regions of China during each geological period of the Cenozoic.The rise and fall of sea level caused by global change resulted in the connection or separation of continents,as well as the promotion or obstructing of animal exchanges between continents.The Cenozoic’s significant global climate events had a significant impact on the ecosystem.Under these environmental conditions,mammals evolved from archaic to modern forms,and the fish fauna resembled today in terms of diversity composition and geographical distribution.The climate of the Cenozoic icehouse or greenhouse changed frequently,but it was a cooling trend overall,despite many warming events in the meantime.The Paleocene/Eocene boundary represents an important period in mammalian evolution,with a climate and environment background that the global average temperature at 55.8 Ma is 8°C higher than today.Humid climate conditions drove mammals northward,and many mammalian orders,including Primates,Perissodactyla,and Artiodactyla,arose soon after and spread rapidly via land bridges in high latitudes.Small warming events following the PETM resulted in Early Eocene and Middle Miocene climatic optimums,and species diversity increased significantly.The global environment changed dramatically at the Eocene/Oligocene transition,and the greenhouse environment abruptly changed into the icehouse environment,resulting in significant faunal replacement,changing the evolution trajec

关 键 词：温室 冰室 动物区系 新生代 哺乳动物 鱼类 

分 类 号：Q951[生物学—动物学]