新生代青藏高原生长对东亚水循环及生态系统的影响  

The growth of the Tibetan Plateau shaped hydrologic cycle and ecosystem in eastern Asia:Progress and perspectives

作　　者：李树峰[1] 赵佳港 Alex Farnsworth Paul J.Valdes 刘佳 黄健[1] 周浙昆[1,4] 苏涛[1] Shufeng Li;Jiagang Zhao;Alex Farnsworth;Paul J.Valdes;Jia Liu;Jian Huang;Zhekun Zhou;Tao Su(Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mengla 666303,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Geographical Sciences,University of Bristol,Bristol BS81SS,UK;CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,中国科学院热带森林生态学重点实验室,勐腊666303 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]School of Geographical Sciences,University of Bristol,Bristol BS81SS,UK [4]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,中国科学院东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室,昆明650201

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第12期1567-1579,共13页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0800800);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202305AC160051);中国科学院第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0705);中国科学院青年创新促进会(Y2021105);青藏高原地球系统基础科学中心项目(41988101);云南省万人计划青年拔尖人才专项(YNWR-QNBJ-2019-086)资助。

摘　　要：新生代青藏高原生长和全球温度变化驱动东亚气候和生态系统发生了剧烈变化.本文综述了前人的相关研究成果,基于前期的数值模拟工作,进一步探讨了青藏高原地形地貌演变对东亚水循环及生态系统的影响.目前,关于青藏高原新生代以来地形地貌的演化还存在争议,但近年来不同学科的证据一致认为,青藏高原生长过程具有区域差异性.最新的古气候数值模拟表明,青藏高原北部抬升显著改变了亚洲气候系统,促使东亚降水显著增加,尤其是中国南方冬季降水增加更为明显,地表径流也相应增加,对东亚水系格局产生了重要影响;土壤含水量也随之增加,冬季深层土壤含水量增加尤为显著,导致中国东部植被从干旱、半干旱转变为湿润、半湿润植被类型,造就了现今东亚植被和生物多样性格局.目前,关于青藏高原生长对东亚降水的影响,科学界已有深入认识,但是还有若干关键问题亟待解决,包括:对青藏高原地形地貌演化的进一步限定、对气候转型期高精度的古气候数值模拟,以及进一步解析新生代东亚水循环和生态系统的耦合关系.理解这些关键问题对预测未来全球气候急剧变化背景下的生态系统响应及其演变趋势具有重要的参考意义.The growth of the Tibetan topography changed the climate and ecosystem in eastern Asia during the Cenozoic.Here,we briefly summarize previous research results on the impact of Tibetan topographic evolution using proxy and numerical modeling data on both the hydrologic cycle and the ecosystem of eastern Asia.To date,the topographic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic has generated much debate.Three different models relating to the topographic evolution of central Tibet during the Paleogene have been proposed,including(1)the south Tibetan(Lunpola Basin)uplift model,(2)the proto-Tibetan Plateau model,and(3)the central valley model.Recent studies have shown that the Tibetan Plateau experienced differential surface uplift,rather than uplifting as one monolithic unit.Numerical paleoclimate studies have shown that the Tibetan uplift significantly altered the climate of East Asia through the enhancement of the East Asian monsoon(increasing precipitation),which also led to the aridification of the Asian interior.However,understanding which terrane was primarily responsible has been challenging.Here,we show a series of paleoclimate simulations using the UK Metoffice HadAM3 model and demonstrate that the growth phase of what is the present-day northern Tibetan Plateau has dramatically changed the climate system.Uplift has led to increased precipitation in eastern Asia,as well as a pronounced increase in winter precipitation in southern China.Based on previous HadAM3 simulations,the results show surface runoff increased dramatically in the winter of south China as a result of modification of the regional hydrological cycle.Tibetan uplift is shown to significantly enhance soil moisture in south China while reducing soil moisture in northern China.Studies on soil moisture simulated from previous work show it increased as precipitation increased,especially the deep layer of soil moisture in winter.This modified the biosphere transitioning from an arid/semi-arid to humid/semi-humid dominated vegetation classific

关 键 词：青藏高原 数值模拟 水文 地表径流 土壤水分 植被 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学] X171.1[水利工程—水文学及水资源]