施肥外包服务对兼业农户化肥投入减量化的影响  

The Influence of Fertilization Outsourcing Service on Fertilizer Input Reduction of Part-time Farmers

作　　者：郑旭媛 张晓燕[1] 林庆林 郭江影 ZHENG Xuyuan;ZHANG Xiaoyan;LIN Qinglin;GUO Jiangying

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学经济管理学院,福州350002 [2]南京农业大学经济管理学院,南京210095

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2023年第4期35-51,共17页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国三大平原‘资源—要素—政策’相协调的粮食和生态‘双安全’研究”(编号:20&ZD094);国家自然科学基金面上项目“不完全要素市场与风险分担视角下粮食生产经营规模主体契约选择与组合行为及影响研究”(编号:71973026)。

摘　　要：绿色生产对化肥投入提出减量化的要求,农户作为践行减量化施肥的主体,成为农业绿色发展的关键。本文分析了施肥外包服务对兼业农户施肥行为的影响,从理论与实证上检验兼业对农户施肥频率与施肥偏离量的影响,以及施肥外包服务在其中发挥的调节作用。本文利用黑龙江、浙江、四川及河南4个省份128个村庄478个农户690个地块数据对上述影响进行检验,并得出如下结论,农业劳动力短缺会使得兼业农户减少施肥次数,但是会通过增加施肥量来弥补因施肥次数减少而导致的施肥不足,反而使得施肥偏离经济最优水平。施肥外包服务能够缓解兼业农户施肥次数的减少,但是在兼业对农户施肥偏离的影响中没有产生显著的调节作用。因此,对于兼业农户而言,施肥外包服务这种“轻简”化的选择,并未带来明显的“轻量”化的结果。Green production requires the reduction of fertilizer input,and farmers,as the main entity of reducing fertilizer application,become the key to the green development of agriculture.In this paper,the effects of fertilization outsourcing service on fertilization behavior of part-time farmers are analyzed,and the effects of part-time business on fertilization frequency and deviation of farmers are tested theoretically and empirically,as well as the moderating effect of fertilization outsourcing service.Based on data from Heilongjiang,Zhejiang,Sichuan and Henan 4 provinces,128 villages,478 households,690 plots,the paper draws the following conclusion:agricultural labor shortages will make multiple occupations farmers decrease the times of fertilization but can increase the fertilizer amount to compensate for insufficient by less fertilizer fertilization,makes the fertilization level deviating away from economic optimal level.Fertilization outsourcing service can alleviate the decrease of fertilization frequency of part-time farmers,but it has no significant moderating effect on the effect of part-time farming on fertilization deviation.Therefore,for part-time farmers,the“light and simple”choice of fertilization outsourcing service does not bring obvious“lightweight”results.

关 键 词：施肥外包服务 兼业农户 化肥折纯量 施肥次数 施肥偏离量 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济] F426.72