房、派、家:宗族单位与国家系谱--宋代谱牒与华南谱牒个案  

Fang,Pai,and Family:Lineage Units and the Grand Genealogy of the Nation:Cases of Genealogies in the Song Dynasty and in South China

作　　者：张小军 ZHANG Xiaojun

机构地区：[1]凯里学院民族研究院,贵州凯里556011 [2]清华大学社会学系,北京100084

出　　处：《民俗研究》2023年第3期56-66,158,共12页Folklore Studies

摘　　要：在探讨以福州地区为主的华南宗族单位的房/派格局基础上,思考宋代文治复兴下士大夫私家谱牒的兴起及其对明清华南族谱的影响,进而理解华南基层社会如何通过谱牒纳入国家的大系谱。“房”作为血缘群体的单位早已有之。房作为宗族单位的国家传统大约来自唐代,有宋人修唐皇室世系表,范仲淹的义族义庄制度直接将房作为宗族单位。“派”作为宗族的系谱单位,主要来自明代以后的华南宗族,用于界定同一远祖始祖的后代。“家”本来不是宗族的单位,宋代儒家士大夫将家族家谱作为推行其道统的重要载体,不仅促进了明代以后华南宗族的发展,还将家变成了宗族的单位。宋代士大夫的私家谱牒兴起以及明清华南基层社会的造谱运动,反映出国家系谱的两次文化下沉以及民间系谱国家化的过程。The study discusses the Fang/Pai structure of the lineage units in South China,mainly the cases in Fuzhou,in an attempt to reflect on the rise of private genealogies of the scholar-officials in the Song Dynasty under the background of Wenzhi Renaissance(cultural-governess Renaissance),and its influence on the genealogies in South China in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties,and thereby to understand how the grassroots society in South China,through these genealogies,incorporated into the grand genealogy of the nation."Fang"has long been in existence as a unit of descent groups.The national tradition that Fang serves as a lineage unit is probably inherited from the Tang Dynasty.When the royal lineage file was being revised in the Song Dynasty,Fan Zhongyan's system of Yi lineage and Yi village directly used"Fang"as lineage unit.Using"Pai"as the genealogical unit of the lineage to define the descendants of the same earlier or earliest ancestry is mainly discovered in lineages of South China after the Ming Dynasty."Family"was not an original lineage unit.The Confucian scholar-officials in the Song Dynasty took family genealogy as an important carrier to promote the Confucian orthodoxy,which not only promoted the development of lineages in South China after the Ming Dynasty,but also turned"Family"into a lineage unit.The rise of private genealogies among the scholar-officials in Song Dynasty and the"genealogy-making"movement in grassroots society in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties,reflected the process of nationalization of the genealogies in grassroots society.

关 键 词：房 派 家 宗族 族谱 华南 

分 类 号：K820.9[历史地理—历史学] K244K892.2