美国在第三世界涉华宣传的缘起和发展(1949-1969)  

The Origin and Development of the U.S.Propaganda towards the Third World Relating to the People's Republic of China(1949-1969)

作　　者：翟韬[1] Zhai Tao

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2023年第2期1-16,170,共17页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“文化冷战视野下的美国与香港、台湾关系(1949—1979)”(项目编号:20BSS062)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1949年新中国成立后,面对中国革命成功对周边国家的示范效应及其与日俱增的影响力,美国政府出台了反中反共的涉华宣传政策。1949—1953年是美国涉华外文宣传的“酝酿期”。20世纪50年代中期,美国新闻署和美国在远东的宣传部门启动了“报导中国项目”。该项目在1959—1969年全面开展,成为美国面向整个第三世界舆论报导和诋毁新中国的国际宣传项目。美国在第三世界的涉华外文宣传话语主要涉及两方面内容:一是攻击新中国为“红色帝国主义”,号召新独立国家团结在美国领导的“自由世界”之下,以此来消解和抵制新中国对民族解放运动的示范作用;二是宣传新中国不代表“未来潮流”,大肆攻击其“谎言和弱点”,并提出美国可以引领第三世界国家实现“现代化”,以此来削弱新中国建设和经济发展经验在新独立国家中的影响力。涉华宣传的主要话题集中反映了美国的第三世界观,对中国的认知在美国第三世界政策和观念形成的过程中发挥了关键作用。After the founding of the People's Republic of China(PRC),the U.S.government formulated its China-related propaganda policy of anti-China and anti-Communism,facing the success of the revolution in China and its corresponding demonstration effect on the neighbouring countries and increasing influence.The period from 1949 to 1953 was the gestation period of China-related propaganda of the U.S.In the middle of the 1950s,the United States Informaiton Agency initiated a new information program named China Reporting Program(CRP),which was carried out comprehensively during 1959-1969.It became a huge and important international propaganda program towards the Third World offering news and information about PRC and denigrating the new founding PRC.CRP referred to two main themes.Firstly,this program described PRC as‘Red Imperialism'and tried to persuade the developing countries to unite under the‘Free World'coalition led by the U.S.Secondly,this program informed the people of the Third World that PRC did not represent the Wave of Future',launched unbridle attack on the so-called lies and weaknesses,and proposed that the U.S.could lead the developing countries to realise the modernisation,aiming at weakening the influence of the construction and economic development experience of PRC among the newly independent countries.These two themes reflects the U.S.cognitive frameworks regarding the Third World and the relationship between the U.S.and the Third World.It is worth mentioning that'China factor'played a crucial role in the formation of the U.S.policies and idea framework relating to the Third World.

关 键 词：冷战 美中关系 第三世界 报导中国项目 涉华宣传 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学] K712.54[政治法律—外交学] K27[历史地理—历史学]