变革与传统:近代日本茶叶产业技术的演进  

Transformation and Tradition:Technological Evolution of the Tea Industry in Modern Japan

作　　者：宋时磊[1] Song Shilei

机构地区：[1]武汉大学茶文化研究中心

出　　处：《世界历史》2023年第2期108-121,174,175,共16页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“近代中日应对西方茶叶贸易质量规制路径比较研究”(项目编号:16CSS012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明治维新以后,日本引进外来技术、发展本国产业,实现产业的现代化转型。深入产业内部来看,日本近代技术的转型和变迁,并非是简单的线性演进模式。特别是生丝、茶叶等传统技术已经相对成熟的产业,其技术的吸收、转化以及本土创造的过程,呈现出实用化、独创性、渐进性、适用性等特点。茶叶品种改良和试验、采茶方式的变革与发明、绿茶制茶机械的创制等三方面,体现了日本茶叶产业技术变迁的路径和特征。日本茶叶产业不断吸收外国先进技术,又依赖本土传统技术路径,同时将外来和本土技术融合创新,最终完成产业技术的革新,实现历史性变迁。这种技术吸收转化模式,是近代日本技术变迁的一种范式。After the Meiji Restoration,Japan introduced foreign technology to develop its industry and finally realise the industrial modernisation.It was found that the transformation of modern technology in Japan did not follow a simple linear evolution pattern while examining Japan's industry deeply.Especially for industries with relatively mature traditional technologies,such as the raw silk industry and the tea industry,the process of technology absorption,technology transformation and local creation revealed the features of practicality,originality,progressiveness,and applicability.TThe technological transformation of the Japanese tea industry presented the path and characteristics in three aspects,including the improvement and experiment of tea varieties,the reform and invention of tea harvesting methods,and the creation of green tea machinery.Furthermore,the Japanese tea industry continuously absorbed foreign advanced technology while keeping its traditional techniques.Accordingly,the Japanese tea industry completed the industrial technology revolution and realised historical change by integrating and innovating foreign and local technology.In conclusion,this'absorbing-transformation'pattern of technology is the new paradigm of modern Japan's technology evolution.

关 键 词：近代日本 茶叶产业 品种改良 采茶方式 制茶机械 

分 类 号：K313.4[历史地理—历史学] F416.82[历史地理—世界史]