湘语益阳方言指称标记“阿”的系词功能  

The Copula Function of the Referential Marker A in Yiyang,Xiang Dialect

作　　者：夏俐萍 XIA Liping

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学,100732 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,100732

出　　处：《汉语学报》2023年第2期89-97,共9页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“汉语方言母语深度调查”(项目编号:21&ZD303);国家社科基金一般项目“区域方言学视角下的湘鄂赣边界方言接触与演变研究”(项目编号:21BYY016)的资助。

摘　　要：湘语益阳方言“阿”的核心功能是充当指称标记,在此基础上进一步发展出系词“是”的各项功能,表现为“阿”可以充当名词谓语句和形容词谓语句的联系成分,表达多种语义关系,可以用于肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句。“阿”还可以像系词“是”一样充当焦点标记,但不能充当强调标记。益阳方言的“阿”已经成为名词性成分的附缀,在系词句中,“阿”依附于名词性成分或形容词性转指成分之前,并且不可或缺。通过省略方言中固有的系词“是”,“阿”作为系词的用法得到巩固和加强,但仍会受到其指称功能的各种限制。“阿”的系词功能提供了系词来源于动词与代词之外的又一可能途径。The core function of a in Yiyang,Xiang dialect is to serve as a referential marker,and on this basis,a has developed the function of the copula shi.A can be used as a link component in noun predicate sentences and adjective predicate sentences,whether an affirmative sentence,a negative sentence or a yes-no question.A can further act as a focus marker like shi,but cannot be an emphasis marker.A in Yiyang dialect has become a clitic of a nominal element,and in a copula sentence it is a necessary component,depending on the nominal element and the adjectival referent.When the original copula shi is deleted,the copula function of a is strengthened,but is still subject to various constraints of the original referential usage.The copula function of a reveals another possible source of copula besides verbs and pronouns.

关 键 词：指称标记“阿” 系词 附缀化 省略 

分 类 号：H174[语言文字—汉语]