制造业数字化扩大了企业间工资收入差距吗——来自中国制造业企业的经验证据  

Has the Digitization of Manufacturinglndustry Widened the Wage Income Gap between Enterprises:An Empirical Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Industry Enterprises

作　　者：席艳乐[1] 吴承骏 黄威 Xi Yanle;Wu Chengjun;Huang Wei

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学工商管理学院、国际商务研究所 [2]蓝鼎国际发展有限公司 [3]中南财经政法大学国际商务研究所

出　　处：《宏观经济研究》2023年第4期27-52,共26页Macroeconomics

基　　金：2023年湖北省社科联“深度学习——研究阐释党的二十大精神”专项课题;2023年中央高校基本科研业务费科研培育项目专项基金(2722023DK031);2023年度湖北省社科基金重点项目暨省新型智库年度项目(HBSKJJ2023144)的资助。

摘　　要：本文基于2000—2014年中国工业企业数据库与世界投入产出数据库的匹配数据,采用无条件分位数回归的方法,系统性地研究了制造业数字化对中国不同收入分布企业工资收入的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:制造业数字化有助于企业工资收入的增长,但对高工资收入水平的企业影响最大,从而显著扩大了企业间工资收入差距,并且呈现出强烈的“马太效应”。在经过一系列稳健性检验和内生性讨论后,这一结论依旧成立。制造业数字化对企业间工资收入差距的影响因企业所有制类型、地区分布、资本密集度和内部管理成本而异。进一步的机制检验证明,制造业数字化通过生产率渠道、创新渠道和产出规模渠道扩大了企业间工资收入差距。本文为客观评估中国制造业数字化的经济效益提供了微观证据,对分配关系合理调整、制造业平稳数字化转型亦具有重要的政策意义。This paper systematically investigates the impact of manufacturing digitalization on the wage income of enterprises with different income distributions in China and its mechanism based on the matched data of the Annual Survey of Manufacturing Enterprises(ASME)and World Input-Output Database(WI0D)from 2000 to 2014 using unconditional quantile regression.The study finds that the digitalization of manufacturing industry contributes to the growth of wage income,but has the greatest impact on enterprises with high wage income levels,thus significantly widening the wage income gap between enterprises and showing a strong‘Matthew effect'.After a series of robustness tests and endogeneity discussions,this conclusion still holds.The effect of digitalization of manufacturing on the wage income gap between enterprises varies by enterprise ownership type,regional distribution,capital intensity,and internal management costs.Further mechanistic tests demonstrate that manufacturing digitalization widens the wage income gap between enterprises through the productivity channel,the innovation channel,and the output scale channel.This paper provides micro-level evidence to objectively assess the economic benefits of digitalization in China's manufacturing industry,and has important policy implications for the rational adjustment of distribution relations and smooth digital transformation of manufacturing industry.

关 键 词：制造业数字化 企业间工资收入差距 无条件分位数回归 异质性 马太效应 

分 类 号：F249.24[经济管理—劳动经济] F425[经济管理—国民经济] F49