世界贸易组织改革进程中数据跨境流动的规制与完善  

On the Regulation and Improvement of Cross-Border Flow of Data during the Process of WTO Reform

作　　者：刘影 Liu Ying

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院

出　　处：《知识产权》2023年第4期108-126,共19页Intellectual Property

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“美国技术出口管制的法律制度、趋势及中国的对策”(21VGQ002)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现行WTO规则对于数据跨境流动的规制具有局限性,各国的规制态度和差异化做法,成为数字贸易多边规则形塑中的最大变量。以CPTPP、RCEP为代表的区域贸易协定尝试调和,但其规制内容、特点及效果存在较大差异。WTO仍然是打造数字贸易多边规则的最佳平台,我国应把握好WTO改革契机,推动数据跨境流动规制共识和规则形成,对此应重点思考三方面问题:一是如何处理未来规则与现有规则之间的协同与发展关系,特别是与GATS的衔接和整合关系,以及与典型区域贸易协定的借鉴和继承关系;二是如何处理制度创新与国家安全之间的平衡关系,国家安全与例外条款的合理解释与适用边界设在何处;三是考虑到WTO改革的周期性和不确定性,如何利用好国家间对话、国际标准制定等软法路径。The current WTO rules have certain limitations on the regulation of cross-border data flow,and the different approaches for regulatory attitudes and practices in various countries have become the biggest variable in the process of shaping multilateral rules for digital trade in WTO.The regional trade agreements represented by CPTPP and RCEP are trying to reconcile these differences,while the regulatory content and effects are still varied largely.The WTO is still the best platform for establishing multilateral rules for digital trade,and China should seize the opportunity in the reform of the WTO and promote the cross-border flow of data to build mutual consensus on the future regulatory rules.It therefore needs to think and address the following three issues.First,the balance between the future rules and current rules should be considered.There is an inherent synergy and development relationship between different rules;in particular,we should address the connection and integration between future rules and GATS agreement,as well as the reference and inheritance with other typical FTAs.Second,we should study and further address the issue of how to deal with the balance between institutional innovation and national security,and in particular the reasonable boundary for interpretation and application of the safety and exception clauses.Third,for the purpose of promoting international consensus,how to make good use of soft law paths,such as inter-state dialogue and international standard setting.

关 键 词：WTO改革 数字贸易多边规则 数据跨境流动 服务贸易总协定 区域贸易协定 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]