甘肃省1980-2021年浅层地温变化特征分析  

The Variation Characteristics of Shallow Soil Temperature in Gansu from 1980 to 2021

作　　者：于海跃 刘新雨 张玉香 YU Haiyue;LIU Xinyu;ZHANG Yuxiang(Meteorological Bureau of Jiuquan City,Jiuquan,Gansu 735000)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省酒泉市气象局,甘肃酒泉735000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第13期95-101,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：部门基金“基于AIRIMA模型、线性回归及滑动平均的智能网格订正方法”([2021]0398)。

摘　　要：地温对农业生产影响非常大,为全面掌握甘肃省近年来地温变化特征,科学指导农业生产,以甘肃省22个国家气象观测站1980—2021年地温观测资料为依据,利用Morlet小波变换能量谱和M-K突变检验等气候诊断方法分析甘肃省浅层地温的变化特征。结果表明:甘肃省0~20 cm地温空间分布特征呈东西高中部低的特点;浅层地温为逐年上升的趋势,1980—2021年平均地温升幅2.0℃左右;0~20 cm温度的垂直分布特征,随着深度增加,温度的变幅越小;浅层地温存在8~10年震荡周期,1999年地温存在突变;5 cm地温稳定通过0℃的日期东部在1月底,西部在3月初,祁连山边坡地带在3月上旬末,春小麦等作物适宜播种期相差大,最长可达40 d左右。10 cm地温稳定通过8℃的日期东部在3月中旬之初,西部在3月末,祁连山边坡地带在4月上旬,马铃薯、玉米、棉花等作物适宜播种期相差近25 d左右。气温与浅层地温存在非常显著的线性相关,在白天0~5 cm温度变化要大于气温的变化,在夜间仅地表温度变化要大于气温,而5~20 cm地温变化要小于气温的变化。Soil temperature has a great impact on agricultural production.To fully understand the characteristics of soil temperature change in Gansu Province in recent years and scientifically guide agricultural production,based on the 42 years’soil temperature observation data(from 1980 to 2021)of 22 national meteorological observation stations in the province,the characteristics of shallow soil temperature change were analyzed by using climate diagnosis methods such as Morlet wavelet transform energy spectrum and M-K mutation test.The results showed that the spatial distribution characteristics of soil temperature at 0-20 cm in Gansu were low in the center and high at both west and east;the shallow soil temperature was rising year by year,with an average rise of 2.0℃in 42 years from 1980 to 2021.The vertical distribution characteristic of temperature of 0-20 cm soil was that the fluctuation of temperature would get smaller with the increase of soil depth.The shallow soil temperature had an oscillation period of 8-10 years and a sudden change in 1999.The date when the 5 cm soil temperature stably passed 0℃was at the end of January in the east,at the beginning of March in the west,and at the end of the first ten days of March in the Qilian Mountain slope zone.The suitable sowing dates for spring wheat and other crops varied greatly,up to about 40 days.The date when the 10 cm soil temperature stably passed 8℃was at the beginning of the middle ten days of March in the east,in the late March in the west,and in the first ten days of April in the Qilian Mountain slope zone.The suitable sowing period for potato,corn,cotton and other crops differed by about 25 days.There was a very significant linear correlation between air temperature and shallow soil temperature.In the daytime,the temperature change of 0-5 cm soil was greater than that of air temperature.At night,only the surface temperature change was greater than that of air temperature,while the temperature change of 5-20 cm soil was less than air temperature change.

关 键 词：地温 分布特征 周期与突变 地温垂直分布 

分 类 号：P423.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]