大豆玉米带状复种模式下种植密度对玉米植株生长和产量的影响  

Effects of Planting Density on Plant Growth and Yield of Maize in Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping System

作　　者：周萍 崔岭 王海燕 钱素菊 崔亚坤 陈艳萍[2] 袁建华[2] ZHOU Ping;CUI Ling;WANG Haiyan;QIAN Suju;CUI Yakun;CHEN Yanping;YUAN Jianhua(Xiangshui Station of Grain and Oil Crops Cultivation Technology,Xiangshui,Jiangsu 224600;Institute of Food Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014)

机构地区：[1]响水县粮油作物栽培技术指导站,江苏响水224600 [2]江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第14期1-5,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：2022年度江苏省农业科技成果转化与集成推广项目“大豆玉米带状复合种植集成示范项目”(2022-DZFH-02);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目“适合大豆玉米带状复合种植的玉米品种筛选及评价技术研究”(CX(22)5004);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目“南京综合试验站”(CARS-02);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目“鲜食玉米创新团队”(JATS[2022]432)。

摘　　要：为了明确江苏沿海地区大豆玉米带状复合种植模式下玉米适宜的种植密度,以‘苏科玉1705’和‘江玉877’为试验材料,设置了3个种植密度(60000、67500、75000株/hm^(2)),研究了种植密度对玉米植株生长和产量的影响。结果表明,种植密度对2个玉米品种的株高、穗位高、茎粗、叶片性状和产量性状的影响基本一致。随种植密度的增加,玉米株高、穗位高、倒伏率、倒折率、空杆率逐渐提高,茎粗、叶长、叶宽、叶片夹角和产量逐渐降低;在60000株/hm^(2)密度下‘苏科玉1705’和‘江玉877’产量最高分别为:6299、5431 kg/hm^(2),且倒伏、倒折、空杆率最低;在67500、75000株/hm^(2)密度下,2个品种倒伏、倒折率提高,生产风险加大。品种间比较,相同种植密度下‘苏科玉1705’的叶宽、叶面积、叶片夹角、倒折率、秃尖长较低,穗长和粒重较高,产量显著高于‘江玉877’。综上,在江苏沿海地区,带状复合种植模式下‘苏科玉1705’和‘江玉877’在60000株/hm^(2)种植密度下可实现高产。In order to determine the suitable planting density of maize in maize-soybean strip intercropping system in Jiangsu coastal areas,three planting densities(60000,67500 and 75000 plants/hm^(2))were set up with‘Sukeyu 1705’and‘Jiangyu 877’as the experimental materials to study the effects of planting density on the growth and yield of maize.The results showed that the effects of planting density on plant height,ear height,stem diameter,leaf traits and yield traits were similar between the two varieties.With the increase of planting density,the plant height,ear height,lodging rate,folding rate and empty stem rate of maize increased gradually,while the stem diameter,leaf length,leaf width,leaf angle and yield decreased gradually.Under the density of 60000 plants/hm^(2),‘Sukeyu 1705’and‘Jiangyu 877’achieved the highest yield of 6299 kg/hm^(2) and 5431 kg/hm^(2) respectively,and had the lowest lodging rate,folding rate and empty stem rate.Under the density of 67500 plants/hm^(2) and 75000 plants/hm^(2),the lodging rate and folding rate of the two varieties both increased,which lead to the increase of yield risks.Compared with‘Jiangyu 877’,‘Sukeyu 1705’achieved higher yield with lower leaf width,leaf area,leaf angle,folding rate and bald tip length,and higher ear length and grain weight under the same planting density.In summary,‘Sukeyu 1705’and‘Jiangyu 877’can achieve high yield under the planting density of 60000 plants/hm^(2) in maize-soybean strip intercropping system of Jiangsu coastal area.

关 键 词：带状复合种植 密度 玉米 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]