黄淮海地区夏玉米锌高效基因型的筛选研究  

Screening of High Zinc Efficiency Genotypes of Summer Maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region

作　　者：张盼盼 何冠华 李川[1] 张美微[1] 牛军 乔江方[1,3] 何佳雯 ZHANG Panpan;HE Guanhua;LI Chuan;ZHANG Meiwei;NIU Jun;QIAO Jiangfang;HE Jiawen(Cereal Crops Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002;Agricultural Science Research Institute of Baofeng County,Baofeng,Henan 467400;School of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,郑州450002 [2]宝丰县农业科学研究所,河南宝丰467400 [3]郑州大学农学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第14期6-11,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：河南省科技攻关计划“生物强化调控夏玉米籽粒锌营养品质关键技术研究”(222102110167);河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金项目“夏玉米耐低氮品种叶片氮素转运的生理机制研究”(2022YQ03);河南省自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“黄淮海夏玉米主栽品种耐低氮生理特性和分子机制研究”(202300410526)。

摘　　要：缺锌是限制黄淮海地区石灰性土壤中玉米生长发育的重要因子之一,施用锌肥是玉米获得稳产高产的重要措施。为筛选黄淮海地区适宜种植的锌高效基因型夏玉米,以10个主栽夏玉米基因型为研究对象开展大田试验,设置4个喷锌时期,研究各基因型在施锌条件下果穗凸尖长和籽粒产量及锌含量的变化,根据锌响应度差异筛选出夏玉米锌高效基因型。结果表明:喷施锌肥4.5 kg ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O/hm^(2)后,玉米果穗秃尖长度显著降低,拔节期大口期1:1喷锌处理下籽粒产量提高7.5%达8.73 t/hm^(2),籽粒锌含量提高34.3%达43.94 mg/kg。与不施锌相比,拔节期大口期1:1喷锌处理下,各基因型玉米以‘迪卡653’和‘隆平638’的秃尖长降幅最大,‘谷神玉66’和‘郑单958’增产最明显,‘郑单958’籽粒锌含量增幅最大。各基因型玉米锌响应度聚类分析表明,‘谷神玉66’和‘郑单958’为锌高效型品种,可在缺锌地区的黄淮海夏玉米生产中进行推广种植,在拔节期大口期1:1喷施锌肥总量4.5 kg ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O/hm^(2)时,能达到同步提高夏玉米籽粒产量和锌含量的目的。Zinc(Zn)insufficient is one of the limiting factors for the normal growth and development of summer maize in the calcarious soil in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.Zn fertilization is very important for high and stable yield in maize production.To screen high Zn efficiency genotypes in this region,a field experiment was conducted using 10 main cultivated maize genotypes.Four foliar spraying Zn stages were set to analyze the variation of bare tip length,grain yield and Zn content,and screen the high Zn efficiency genotypes according to the Zn responsivity.The results indicated that foliar spraying of 4.5 kg ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O/hm^(2) could decrease the bare tip length significantly.The grain yield and Zn content under the foliar spraying Zn at the jointing and flaring stage by 1:1 could be increased by 7.5%and 34.3%,reaching 8.73 t/hm^(2) and 43.94 mg/kg,respectively.Compared with no Zn addition,under the foliar spraying Zn at the jointing and flaring stage by 1:1,the reduced margin of bare tip length of‘DK653’and‘LP638’,the yield growth margin of‘GSY66’and‘ZD958’and the grain Zn content of‘ZD958’were the maximum,respectively.The result of cluster analysis of Zn responsivity showed that‘GSY66’and‘ZD958’were high Zn efficiency genotypes,and they could be planted in the Zn insufficient soil of Huang-Huai-Hai region,and the treatment of foliar spraying of 4.5 kg ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O/hm^(2) at the jointing and flaring stage by 1:1 could increase grain yield and Zn content in this region.

关 键 词：夏玉米 产量 锌高效 基因型 筛选 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学] S323