棉花干物质积累与转运对密度与行距配置的响应特征  

Response Characteristics of Cotton Dry Matter Accumulation and Transportation to Density and Row Spacing Configuration

作　　者：刘锦涛 陈国栋[1] 万素梅[1] 翟云龙[1] 毛廷勇 骆磊 胡强 马云珍 李亚兵[2] 冯璐[2] 杨北方[2] 曹娟[1] 周相 林峰 LIU Jintao;CHEN Guodong;WAN Sumei;ZHAI Yunlong;MAO Tingyong;LUO Lei;HU Qiang;MA Yunzhen;LI Yabing;FENG Lu;YANG Beifang;CAO Juan;ZHOU Xiang;LIN Feng(College of Agronomy/College of Cotton Science,Tarim University,Aral,Xinjiang 843300;Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS,Anyang,Henan 455000;College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830000)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院/棉花科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳455000 [3]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第14期12-19,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划棉花轻简高效栽培技术体系示范与推广(2020TFD1001005);兵团区域创新引导计划项目棉田信息自主采集机器人技术集成与大数据建模(2021BB012);新疆兵团财政科技计划项目新疆高品质棉花生产关键栽培技术集成与示范(2020AB017);河南省科技攻关项目基于物联网的棉花智能灌溉方案设计与优化(202102110030)。

摘　　要：为明确干物质积累、转运与产量性状对密度与行距差异的响应机制,促进棉花品种推广与种植技术革新。以‘中棉所641’为试验材料,采用76 cm等行(SP)与(66 cm+10 cm)宽窄行(DP)种植模式,设3个种植密度,分别为Ⅰ:低密度12万株/hm^(2);Ⅱ:中密度18万株/hm^(2);Ⅲ:高密度24万株/hm^(2)。应用Logisitic曲线方程,进行数据分析。SPⅡ处理棉花?T(生物量快速积累持续期)在2020、2021年分别为54.7 d和55.6 d。其2020、2021年营养器官干物质快速积累持续时间分别为33.3天和38天,最大积累速率均为1.13 g/(株·d),高于其他处理。2020、2021年生殖器官干物质快速积累持续时间分别为35.26 d、25.79 d,最大积累速率均为1.05 g/(株·d)。2 a试验数据均显示,SPⅡ处理棉花花前、花后单株干物质转化量最高。2020、2021年SPⅡ处理籽棉产量分别为5359.48、5151.00 kg/hm^(2),单株成铃数均为6.12个。产量对行距差异的响应程度强于密度差异。18万株/hm^(2)等行距种植模式有利于棉花充分利用光热资源,促进干物质积累与转运,提高籽棉产量。In order to clarify the response mechanism of dry matter accumulation and transportation and yield traits to the difference of planting density and row spacing,and promote the popularization of cotton varieties and the innovation of planting technology,in this study,‘Zhongmiansuo 641’was used as the experimental material,and the planting patterns of 76 cm equal row(SP)and(66 cm+10 cm)wide and narrow row(DP)were adopted.Three planting densities were set,including I:low density of 1.2×10^(5) plants/hm^(2);II:medium density of 1.8×10^(5) plants/hm 2;andⅢ:high density of 2.4×10^(5) plants/hm^(2).The Logistic curve equation was applied to analyze the data.The∆T of cotton treated with SPⅡin 2020 and 2021 was 54.7 days and 55.6 days,respectively.The duration of rapid accumulation of dry matter in vegetative organs in 2020 and 2021 was 33.3 days and 38 days,respectively,and the maximum accumulation rate was 1.13 g/(plant·d),higher than that of other treatments.The duration of rapid accumulation of dry matter in reproductive organs was 35.26 days and 25.79 days in 2020 and 2021,respectively,and the maximum accumulation rate was 1.05 g/(plant·d).The two-year experimental data showed that the dry matter conversion per plant of cotton treated with SPⅡwas the highest before and after anthesis.The yield of seed cotton treated with SPⅡwas 5359.48 kg/hm^(2) and 5151.00 kg/hm^(2) in 2020 and 2021 respectively,and the number of bolls per plant was 6.12.The response of yield to row spacing difference is stronger than that to density difference.The equal row spacing planting mode of 1.8×10^(5) plants/hm^(2) is conducive to making full use of light and heat resources,promoting dry matter accumulation and transportation,and improving the yield of seed cotton.

关 键 词：棉花 密度 行距配置 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]