土壤水分调控对滴灌紫花苜蓿作物系数和水分利用效率的影响  

The Impact of Soil Moisture Control on Crop Coefficient and Water Use Efficiency of Drip-irrigated Alfalfa

作　　者：佟长福[1,2] 李和平[1,2] 牛海 柳剑锋 罗鹏怀 TONG Changfu;LI Heping;NIU Hai;LIU Jianfeng;LUO Penghuai(Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038;The Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area,Huhhot 010020;Water Conservancy Bureau of Erdos,Erdos,Inner Mongolia 017010;Inner Mongolia Water Conservancy Research Institute,Huhhot 010019;Water Conservancy Bureau of Wushen Banner,Erdos,Inner Mongolia 017300)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100038 [2]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,呼和浩特010020 [3]鄂尔多斯市水利局,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000 [4]内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院,呼和浩特010019 [5]乌审旗水利局,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017300

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第14期74-79,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：内蒙古自治区水利建设基金项目“内蒙古主要作物节水灌溉制度与需水量等值线图研究”(MK0143B032021);鄂尔多斯市科技计划项目“毛乌素沙地地下水开发利用与生态环境监测与预警系统开发研究”(20190101);科技兴蒙行动重点专项“黄河水滴灌节水增效与地面灌溉压盐关键技术研究”(2021EEDSCXSFQZD011-01);水利部灌溉试验重点站“内蒙古鄂尔多斯灌溉试验站2021-2022年任务”(MK0199C052021)。

摘　　要：利用2年田间灌溉试验,研究了紫花苜蓿滴灌条件下4种土壤水分梯度(即:70%θ_(fc)、60%θ_(fc)、50%θ_(fc)、40%θ_(fc))对作物系数(K_(c))和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响,探索提高滴灌紫花苜蓿水分利用效率的途径。结果表明:分枝—现蕾期为紫花苜蓿需水关键期;紫花苜蓿耗水量(ET_(a))与产量关系为二次抛物线型,相关性为0.9433;紫花苜蓿K_(c)在返青—拔节期为0.61~0.88,拔节—分枝期0.68~0.79,分枝—现蕾期达到最大值1.07~1.16,现蕾—开花期0.57~0.96,全生育期表现为二次抛物线型;在不同的土壤水分条件和降水量条件下时,降水量少的年份,灌水量对紫花苜蓿WUE的影响显著;反之,灌水量对紫花苜蓿WUE的影响不明显。In this paper,field irrigation experiments were carried out for two consecutive years,and the effects of four soil water treatments under drip irrigation of alfalfa(70%θ_(fc),60%θ_(fc),50%θ_(fc) and 40%θ_(fc))on crop coefficient(K_(c))were studied,to explore a path to improve alfalfa water use efficiency(WUE).The results showed that branching to budding stage were the critical period of water demand for alfalfa;the relationship between ET_(a) of alfalfa and yield was a quadratic parabola(R^(2)=0.9433).The K_(c) of alfalfa was 0.61-0.88 in greening-jointing stage,0.68-0.79 in jointing-branching stage,1.07-1.16 in branching-budding stage and 0.57-0.96 in budding-flowering stage,and the crop coefficient of the whole growth period was a quadratic parabola.Under the conditions of different soil water contents and precipitation,the irrigation volume had a significant effect on the WUE of alfalfa in the years with less precipitation;while on the contrary,the irrigation volume had no significant effect on the WUE of alfalfa.

关 键 词：滴灌 作物系数 土壤水分 水分利用效率 紫花苜蓿 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S513[农业科学—农业工程]