2021年黄河中游秋汛降水特点与环流特征分析  

Analysis of Precipitation and Circulation Characteristics of Autumn Flood in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River in 2021

作　　者：靳莉君[1] 刘静[1] 王鹏[1] JIN Lijun;LIU Jing;WANG Peng(Hydrological Bureau of YRCC,Zhengzhou 450004)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会水文局,郑州450004

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第14期85-94,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“黄河水源涵养区分布式水资源模拟系统构建”(2021YFC3201104-02)。

摘　　要：为了提高黄河中游秋汛降水预报能力,以便为该区农业生产乃至防灾减灾工作提供参考依据,利用水文站和气象站日降水资料、国家气候中心逐日副高脊线和西伸脊点资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对2021年黄河中游秋汛降水特点以及环流形势的逐日演变特征进行分析。结果发现:2021年黄河中游秋汛洪水由6次强降水过程造成,具有持续日数长、雨带稳定、雨势强、落区重叠度高的特点。秋汛期内,副高脊线相对稳定,副高季节性南落异常偏迟,同时西伸脊点偏西。欧亚中高纬地区盛行阻塞形势,黄河中游强降水过程主要发生在双阻形势下乌拉尔山阻高达到强盛期后的减弱崩溃期以及乌拉尔山形成阻高的单阻形势下。南亚高压偏强、偏东是200 hPa高空40°-45°N、110°-140°E形成急流的主要原因,低空急流前期不显著,位置偏南,9月下旬以后向北扩展,高、低空急流合适配置为黄河中游强降水发生时上升运动发展提供了有利的环流背景。秋汛期水汽主要来自西太平洋,依靠副高南侧异常强盛的偏东气流以及副高西北侧强盛的西南气流完成输送。To improve the ability of precipitation forecasting in autumn in the middle reaches of the Yellow River,so as to provide reference for agricultural production and even disaster prevention and mitigation in this area,this study used the daily precipitation data of hydrological and meteorological stations,the daily subtropical high ridge line and west extension ridge point data of the National Climate Center,and the reanalysis data of NCEP/NCAR,to analyze the characteristics of autumn precipitation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in 2021 and the daily evolution characteristics of the circulation situation.The results showed that the autumn flood in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in 2021 was caused by six strong precipitation processes,with the characteristics of long lasting days,stable rain band,strong rain intensity and high overlap of falling areas.During the autumn flood season,the ridge line of the subtropical high was relatively stable.The seasonal southward fall of the subtropical high was abnormally late,and the west extension ridge was westward.The blocking situation prevailed in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia.The heavy precipitation process in the middle reaches of the Yellow River mainly occurred in the situation of double resistance height in the weakening collapse period when the resistance height of Ural Mountain reached the peak period,and in the situation of single resistance height formed by Ural Mountain.The stronger strength and easterly position of the South Asian high were the main reasons for the formation of the jet stream at 40°-45°N and 110°-140°E of 200 hPa.The low-level jet was not significant in the early stage and its location was southerly,but it expanded northward after late September.The appropriate configuration of high and low-level jet provided a favorable circulation background for the development of upward movement during the occurrence of sustained heavy precipitation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.In the autumn flood season,the water

关 键 词：秋汛 副高 阻高 急流 环流特征 黄河中游 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]