反射槽波探测煤层断层构造的应用研究  

Application research of reflected in-seam waves in detecting fault structure of coal seam

作　　者：杨顺 孙文斌 朱广辉 韩建光 YANG Shun;SUN Wenbin;ZHU Guanghui;HAN Jianguang(Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing,100037;China University of Geosciences,Wuhan,430074;Beijing Tan Chuang Resources Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing,100067)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院,北京100037 [2]中国地质大学,武汉430074 [3]北京探创资源科技有限公司,北京100067

出　　处：《地质论评》2023年第3期1031-1038,共8页Geological Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:42174157);中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目(编号:JKY202216);企业合作开发项目(编号:5600B2021000004)的成果。

摘　　要：在实际煤田地球物理勘探中,常规的地面地震勘探技术无法对煤层中的小断层、陷落柱、夹矸等微幅构造体进行精细的探测。相比于地面地震勘探,槽波地震勘探直接在煤层中激发,能量强,范围大,能够精确探测煤层中的微幅构造体。笔者等针对反射槽波地震数据的特征,给出了一种有效的反射槽波地震数据精细处理技术和流程,通过对频散分析以及槽波包络叠加等关键技术进行试验研究,提高反射槽波地震数据的成像精度,进而更准确地识别煤层中小断层等微幅构造。实际煤田反射槽波的应用试验表明,反射槽波勘探准确识别出煤层中的小断层构造,验证了反射槽波勘探技术的实用性以及本文反射槽波地震数据处理技术的有效性。Objective:In the actual coalfield geophysical exploration,conventional surface seismic exploration technology cannot carry out fine detection of small faults,collapse columns,and rock parting in coal seams.Compared with surface seismic exploration,in-seam seismic exploration is directly excited in the coal seam,with strong energy and large range,which can accurately detect the small frame structure in the coal seam.Methods:Compared with ground seismic exploration,in-seam seismic exploration has the advantages of high efficiency,accuracy and high resolution,and its detection distance is large,anti-interference ability and obvious waveform in coal mine exploration,and in-seam seismic exploration can accurately detect abnormal structures such as discontinuities,faults,collapse columns,scouring zones and other abnormal structures in coal seam space,and other geological information inside the working face can also be obtained,which has significant advantages in detecting small structures.According to the characteristics of reflected in-seam wave seismic data,an effective fine processing technology is proposed in this paper.Through experimental research on key technologies such as dispersion analysis and envelope superposition,the imaging accuracy is improved,and then the microstructure such as small faults in coal seam is accurately identified.Results:According to the results of the reflected trough wave detection,it is speculated that there is a fault with a drop greater than 6 m on the west side of the working face transport trough,and the fault extends from the north side of the working face from northeast to southwest into the west side area,and the fault extends farther.In the actual reflection slot wave detection in this paper,it is subject to a certain degree of noise at the bottom of the well,power frequency electromagnetic and construction interference during the firing process,and a small number of abnormal seismic tracks occur,and the signal-to-noise ratio is better improved by related pretreatment and deno

关 键 词：反射槽波 断层 频散分析 包络叠加法 成像 

分 类 号：P618.11[天文地球—矿床学] P631.4[天文地球—地质学]