工程岩体物理模拟研究中实验材料的选择与应用  

A review of the selection and application of experimental materials in the study of physical simulation of engineering rock masses

作　　者：苏占东 周思哲 王成虎 孙进忠[4] 曾扬农 张建勇 张明磊 王磊 朱卓辉 李小瑞 SU Zhandong;ZHOU Sizhe;WANG Chenghu;SUN Jinzhong;ZENG Yangnong;ZHANG Jianyong;ZHANG Minglei;WANG Lei;ZHU Zhuohui;LI Xiaorui(College of Geology and Engineering,Institute of Disaster Prevention,Langfang,Hebei,065201;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Prevention and Risk Evaluation of Hebei Province,Langfang,Hebei,065201;Key Laboratory of Crustal Dynamics,National Academy of Natural Disaster Prevention,Ministry of Emergency Management,Beijing,100085;College of Engineering and Technology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing,100083)

机构地区：[1]防灾科技学院地质工程学院,河北廊坊065201 [2]河北省地震灾害防御与风险评价重点实验室,河北廊坊065201 [3]应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院,地壳动力学重点实验室,北京100085 [4]中国地质大学(北京)工程技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地质论评》2023年第3期1133-1149,共17页Geological Review

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专题研究重点项目(编号:ZY20215113);国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:41807270)的成果。

摘　　要：工程岩体物理模拟实验是岩体工程问题研究的重要方法,其中物理模型材料的选择对于实验成功与否至关重要。为了提高岩体物理模拟的选材效率及实验准确性,在总结前人大量工程岩体(边坡工程、地下工程和地基工程)物理模拟研究进展的基础上,对不同类型的物理模拟模型材料应用情况进行综合分析。结果表明:传统相似材料模拟软岩骨料最常用的是河砂和石英砂,模拟硬岩骨料则是在河砂和石英砂的基础上进一步掺入重晶石粉用以调节级配及强度,胶结剂通常都是水泥、石膏或者两者混合的复合材料;新型相似材料的选用更多是根据所需解决的问题进行设计,常采用铁粉、熔融石英砂及陶瓷等作为骨料,高分子聚合物、酒精和松香等作为胶结剂。整体而言物理模拟实验材料的骨料粒径越大,强度也越大,但是相似模拟中不能使用粒径过大的骨料;材料的强度随着砂胶比的增大而减小。研究不同工程对象时还需根据其自身特点进行实验设计,在研究显著节理裂隙等对岩体破坏机制的影响时,需掺加煤粉、云母碎、珍珠岩以及发泡剂等辅助材料,以控制试样的节理、微裂隙、结构面和孔洞等。笔者等对工程岩体物理模拟实验材料的分析综述可为相关工程岩体物理模拟研究提供实验参考。Engineering rock mass physical modelling is an important method to study rock mass engineering problems.The selection of the model materials is essential to the quality of the experiment.Accurately determine the physical and mechanical properties of rock masses in civil engineering requires a large number of experiments to determine the types and proportions of materials.This is troublesome and inconvenience to the modelling process.Therefore,the application of experimental materials for different types of rock mass engineering problems is comprehensively evaluated.River sand and quartz sand are the most commonly used aggregate of traditional materials when modelling soft rock.On the basis of river sand and quartz sand,more barite powder is added to adjust the gradation and strength of hard rock.The cementing agent is usually cement,gypsum or a composite material mixed with both.Non-traditional materials are chosen to address the engineering problems.They include iron powder,molten quartz sand and ceramics acting as aggregate,and polymer,alcohol and rosin acting as cementing agent.In general,the larger the particle size of the aggregate,the greater the strength will be.However,aggregates with significantly large particle size are not favored in similar simulation.The strength of the material decreases with the increase in the sand—binder ratio.When studying rock mass with significant joints and fissures,auxiliary materials such as pulverized coal,crushed mica,perlite and foaming agent should be added to control the joints,micro-fissures,structural planes and holes of samples.The conclusions from this review are expected to provide reference for the physical modelling of rock mass engineering problems.

关 键 词：工程岩体 物理模拟 相似性准则 实验材料 

分 类 号：P589[天文地球—岩石学] TU45[天文地球—地质学]