基于透明相似模型试验的主控裂隙边坡变形破坏演化机制研究  

Evolution mechanism of deformation and failure of rock slope with controlling fissure through transparent physical model experiments

作　　者：冷先伦[1,2] 王川 盛谦 宋文军[3] 陈健 张占荣 陈菲[5] LENG Xian-lun;WANG Chuan;SHENG Qian;SONG Wen-jun;CHEN Jian;ZHANG Zhan-rong;CHEN Fei(State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430071,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan,Hubei 430023,China;China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan,Hubei 430063,China;School of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Chengdu University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610106,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]武汉轻工大学土木工程与建筑学院,湖北武汉430023 [4]中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,湖北武汉430063 [5]成都大学建筑与土木工程学院,四川成都610106

出　　处：《岩土力学》2023年第5期1283-1294,1308,共13页Rock and Soil Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.52079135);中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司科研课题(No.2020K043)。

摘　　要：岩质边坡灾害孕育期的变形破坏发展过程通常受其内部长大裂隙(主控裂隙)控制,揭示主控裂隙边坡变形破坏演化机制对滑坡灾害防治具有重要意义。基于透明相似模型试验技术,选取2种典型主控裂隙(后缘陡倾角裂隙和前缘缓倾角裂隙)边坡为研究对象,在自研设备上开展了主控裂隙边坡内部变形破坏演化过程的模型试验研究;分别以位移速率和应变速率作为边坡变形和裂隙扩展的表征量,以无裂隙边坡变形破坏演化规律为参照,对比分析了后缘和前缘主控裂隙影响下边坡内部变形破坏的时空演化机制。结果表明:(1)通过模拟无裂隙边坡内部变形累积以及破裂萌生、扩展与贯通的渐进过程,验证了所采用的试验方法在研究边坡内部变形破坏演化过程方面的可靠性;(2)主控裂隙边坡内部变形破坏过程与无裂隙边坡相似,可分为变形累积、破裂带萌生/初始裂隙起裂、破裂带/裂隙扩展调整、破裂带/裂隙快速扩展贯通等4个阶段;(3)在初始主控裂隙滑移变形的作用下,后缘陡倾角裂隙尖端因受推移作用而发生拉张-剪切混合型起裂并向下扩展,前缘缓倾角裂隙尖端因受牵引作用而发生拉张型起裂并向上扩展,裂隙扩展速率随扩展长度的增加而呈指数型增长;(4)裂隙扩展类型随边坡变形与裂隙扩展过程不断调整,后缘陡倾角裂隙由初始拉张-剪切混合型扩展转化为剪切型扩展,并最终从坡趾附近剪出,前缘缓倾角裂隙由初始拉张型扩展转化为剪切型扩展,并最终与后缘破裂贯通。The deformation and failure evolution process of rock slope during disaster incubation period is controlled by internal long fissures(controlling fissures),and the evolution mechanism is of great significance for the prevention of landslide disasters.Based on the transparent physical model experiment technology,two typical rock slopes with controlling fissures(one with a steep fissure at the back and the other with a gently inclined fissure at the front) were selected as the objects,and the evolution process of deformation and failure inside the slopes was studied through physical model experiments using the self-developed equipment.The displacement rate and strain rate were taken as the characterization quantities of the deformation and fissure propagation,and the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism under the influence of fissures was analyzed with the reference of the common slope without controlling fissure.The conclusions are:(1) The reliability of the proposed experiment method in the study of the deformation and failure evolution process inside the slopes was verified through the simulation of internal deformation accumulation and progressive process of fissure initiation,propagation,and penetration.(2) The deformation and failure process of the slopes with controlling fissures is similar to that of the slope without controlling fissures and can be divided into four stages:deformation accumulation,failure band/fissure initiation,failure band/fissure expansion adjustment,and rapid expansion and penetration of failure bands/fissures.(3) The tip of steep fissure at the back undergoes a tensile-shear mixed initiation and expands downward due to the pushing action induced by initial fissure slip deformation,while the tip of gently inclined fissure at the front undergoes tensile initiation and expands upward due to the traction induced by initial fissure slip deformation.The propagation rates of fissures increase exponentially with the increasing length of fissures.(4) The fissure propagation modes change with the

关 键 词：透明模型试验 主控裂隙边坡 可视化技术 变形演化 裂隙扩展 

分 类 号：TU454[建筑科学—岩土工程]