新兴技术的治理困境与应对路径  

Dilemma and Countermeasures of Emerging Technologies Governance

作　　者：胡雯[1] Hu Wen(Institute of Information,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200235,China)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院信息研究所,上海200235

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2023年第8期47-54,共8页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新形势下进一步完善国家科技治理体系研究”(21ZDA018)。

摘　　要：第四次工业革命背景下新兴技术表现出比以往更高程度的不确定性、更大范围的颠覆性、更不均衡的赋权特征,使新兴技术治理面临多重挑战,因此基于新兴技术的属性特点和发展规律,分析现有新兴技术治理方案消减和应对多种困境的路径。新兴技术的不确定性与治理政策稳定性间的矛盾形成了本源性治理困境、潜在颠覆性与治理范式延续性之间的矛盾形成了次生性治理困境、赋权特点与治理结构平衡之间的矛盾形成了结构性治理困境,分别对新兴技术的治理政策稳定性、治理范式延续性、治理结构平衡性提出挑战。基于治理困境的形成原理,采用亲和关系图法分析自反性治理、预期治理、适应性治理、实验主义治理、敏捷治理、试探性治理等6类治理策略的概念要素,提出前置型、响应型、试探型3类应对路径,分别侧重早期预见与上游参与、快速响应与下游参与、学习探索与动态干预,为防范和应对新兴技术治理挑战提供参考和启示。并提出新兴技术治理未来的政策实践面临三大关键议题:如何构建多元主体的共识机制和协同机制、如何在早期介入中动态引导新兴技术各类期望要素发展、如何重塑时间维度与公共政策之间的关系。Under the background of the fourth industrial revolution,emerging technologies show a higher degree of uncertainty,a wider range of disruption,and more uneven empowerment characteristics than before,which makes the governance of emerging technologies face multiple challenges.Therefore,based on the attribute characteristics and the development law of emerging technologies,this paper analyzes the path of existing emerging technology governance scheme to reduce and deal with various difficulties.For the emerging technologies,the contradiction between the uncertainty of emerging technologies and the stability of governance policies forms the original governance dilemma,the tension between potential disruption and continuity of the governance paradigm creates a secondary governance dilemma,the contradiction between the empowerment characteristics of emerging technologies and the balance of governance structures creates a structural governance dilemma,they respectively challenge the stability of governance policies forms,the continuity of the governance paradigm,and the balance of governance structures.Based on the formation principles of governance dilemmas,the conceptual elements of six types of governance strategies including reflexive governance,anticipatory governance,adaptive governance,experimentalist governance,agile governance and tentative governance are analyzed by using the affinity diagram method,and three types of coping paths are proposed,namely proactive,responsive,and tentative,respectively focusing on early foresight and upstream participation,rapid response and downstream participation,learning exploration and dynamic intervention,which provides reference and enlightenment for preventing and responding to emerging technology governance challenges.Moreover,three key issues facing future policy practice of emerging technology governance are put forward:how to build consensus and coordination mechanism of multiple actors;how to dynamically guide the development of various expectations of emerging techno

关 键 词：新兴技术 技术治理 治理政策 治理困境 治理策略 

分 类 号：F204[经济管理—国民经济] G301[文化科学]