转型时期中国社会公平感的变迁历程及其解释因素  

The Changing Course of Chinese Sense of Social Fairness in the Transitional Period and Its Explanatory

作　　者：徐延辉[1] 孔一舟 XU Yanhui;KONG Yizhou(School of Sociology and Anthropology,Xiamen University)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学社会与人类学院

出　　处：《社会》2023年第3期213-242,共30页Chinese Journal of Sociology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“新中国70年社会发展与社会变迁研究”(项目号:19ZDA141)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于2010—2018年中国综合社会调查的重复截面数据,本文对两大转型期中国社会公平感的变迁历程及其解释因素进行了探讨。在历史转型期,随着社会市场的建立和不断完善,社会公平感出现了迅速下降后又快速上升的趋势;在当前转型期,总社会流动率和向上流动比不断上升,社会公平感表现出波动上升的趋势。代际流动等社会结构因素是影响社会公平感变迁的基本要素,主观阶层流动感是社会公平感的直接来源,而文化规范是影响社会公平感的稳定潜在因素。本文从社会分层与流动的角度考察社会公平,发现社会公平与公平感具有统一性,但公平感所依据的道德观念已经随着特定历史时期的社会与心态转型发生了改变。The perception of social fairness is an individual’s overall perception or judgment of the state of social equity.Based on the repeated cross-sectional data of the China General Social Survey from 2010 to 2018,this study provides a holistic analysis of the shifting trends of social fairness perception and their explanatory factors during the two major transition periods of China,namely,the past transition period of reform and opening up and the current transition period of diversified development.With the help of mathematical models such as log-linear models and multilevel age-period-cohort models,the following three major findings are observed.First,in the current transition period,the total social mobility rate and the upward mobility ratio have been rising,and people’s perceptions on social equity show a upward trend of volatility;while in the historical transition period,with the establishment and continuous improvement of markets,the perceptions of fairness experienced a rapid decline,and then a rapid improvement.Second,the three factors of social structure,social psychology and cultural norms are neither mutually exclusive nor competitive in the changing process of social equity perceptions,but are intertwined and function in different ways.Among them,social structural factors such as intergenerational mobility are foundational to the changes in the perception of social equity,while subjective class mobility perceptions are the direct source of people’s perceptions and cultural norms constitute a stable potential factor.Third,this study examines the status of social equity from the perspective of social stratification and mobility,and takes the occurrence of intergenerational mobility,and its direction and distance as key indicators to measure the objective equity status.It is found that social equity status and the sense of fairness are linked,but the moral concept on which the perception of fairness is based has changed with the transformation of society in specific historical periods.This study ext

关 键 词：社会公平感 社会转型 心态转型 代际流动 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理]