2013-2022年北京市朝阳区流行性感冒病原学监测结果分析  

Analysis on influenza surveillance in Chaoyang district,Beijing,2013-2022

作　　者：张芳蕾[1] 黄立勇[1] 苏微 张政[1] 王海滨[1] 仲一 马建新[1] 齐啸[1] Zhang Fanglei;Huang Liyong;Su Wei;Zhang Zheng;Wang Haibin;Zhong Yi;Ma Jianxin;Qi Xiao(Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心,北京100021

出　　处：《疾病监测》2023年第4期415-420,共6页Disease Surveillance

基　　金：2021年度北京市重大疫情防治重点专科项目。

摘　　要：目的 分析2013-2022年北京市朝阳区流行性感冒(流感)病原学特点及流行趋势,为流感防控提供科学参考。方法 对2013-2022年送检朝阳区疾病预防控制中心的流感样病例咽拭子进行核酸检测,并用统计学方法分析朝阳区流感监测数据。结果 共收集哨点医院送检的流感样病例咽拭子27 928份,检测出流感病毒核酸阳性标本4 415份,总核酸阳性率为15.81%;流感病毒核酸阳性高峰以冬春季为主,不同亚型交替流行。不同季节流感病毒核酸检测阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3 698.274,P<0.001),甲型流感冬季阳性率最高(H1N1χ^(2)=1 238.712,H3N2χ^(2)=1 317.144,P<0.001),乙型流感冬春季阳性率明显高于夏秋季(χ^(2)=1 526.712,P<0.001)。各年龄组阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),其中25~岁病例阳性率最高(21.13%);不同性别流感样病例病毒核酸检测阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.455,P=0.228)。结论 北京市朝阳区流感流行期以冬春季为主,不同流感监测年度各流感亚型交替流行,应进一步加强对流感的监测与预警,注意流感优势流行株的变化情况,继续推广流感疫苗接种策略,探索各项防控措施,降低新型冠状病毒肺炎对流感的叠加影响。Objective To analyze the etiological characteristics and incidence trend of influenza in Chaoyang district of Beijing and provide scientific reference for influenza prevention and control.Methods Nucleic acid testing was performed by using the throat swabs from influenza-like illness(ILI)cases submitted to Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and the data of influenza surveillance in Chaoyang were analyzed by statistical method.Results A total of 27928 samples of ILI cases were collected,and 4415 positive samples were detected,the positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid was 15.81%,The positive peak of influenza virus nucleic acid detection was mainly in winter and spring,and different subtype viruses circulated alternately.The differences in positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid detection in different seasons were significant(χ^(2)=3698.274,P<0.001),Influenza A(HIN1)and(H3N2)viruses had the highest positive rates in winter(HIN1:χ^(2)=1238.712,H3N2:χ^(2)=1317.144,P<0.001).The positive rates of influenza B viruses Victoria and Yamagata linages were significantly higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn(χ^(2)=1526.712,P<0.001).The differences in positive rates among different age groups were significant(P<0.001),and the positive rate in age group 25-59 years was highest(21.13%).There was no significant difference in the positive rate between men and women(χ^(2)=1.455,P=0.228).Conclusion The positive peak of influenza virus nucleic acid detection was mainly in winter and spring,and different subtype viruses circulated alternately in Chaoyang.It is necessary to further strengthen the surveillance and early warning of influenza,pay attention to the changes of the predominant strains of influenza viruses,continue to promote the influenza vaccination,explore various prevention and control measures,and reduce the additional impact of COVID-19 on influenza.

关 键 词：流行性感冒 流感病毒 监测 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学] R511.7