万瓦级激光-电弧复合焊接焊缝成形特性分析  

Analysis on Characteristics of Weld Formation with 10 kW Level High Power Laser⁃Arc Hybrid Welding

作　　者：梁晓梅 杨义成 黄瑞生 田得喜 陈晓宇 Liang Xiaomei;Yang Yicheng;Huang Ruisheng;Tian Dexi;Chen Xiaoyu(Harbin Welding Institute Limited Company,Harbin 150028,Heilongjiang China;Beijing Aerospace Xinfeng Machinery Equipment Limited Company,Beijing 100039,China;Lab of materials welding and joining,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150028 [2]北京航天新风机械设备有限责任公司,北京100039 [3]北京科技大学材料先进焊接与连接技术研究室,北京100083

出　　处：《中国激光》2023年第8期58-66,共9页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国防科技基础加强计划;黑龙江省头雁行动计划-能源装备先进焊接技术创新团队项目。

摘　　要：为探究万瓦级激光-MAG复合焊接焊缝成形特性,在不同的激光功率下,对比分析了三种不同复合焊接方法在焊缝成形、等离子体形态方面的差异性及关联性。结果表明:随着激光功率变化,焊缝的特征尺寸及波动与等离子体的特征尺寸及波动具有一定的对应关系,具体表现为:随着激光功率增加,等离子体面积及其波动都增加,焊缝熔深、熔宽及其波动均增加;当激光功率增加到20 kW时,等离子体面积及其波动的增量开始减小,焊缝尺寸的增量也开始减小,焊缝成形质量开始变差。激光-单丝MAG复合焊接方法在20、25、30 kW激光功率下的平均熔深增量相比5、10、15 kW下的减小了71.64%。在相同的工艺参数下,与激光-单丝MAG复合焊接相比,激光-单丝MAG复合填丝焊接下的等离子体面积及其标准差显著增加,熔深减小,成形变差,而激光-双丝MAG复合焊接下的等离子形态、焊缝成形变化均不明显。随着激光功率增加,不同的添丝方式体现在焊缝成形及等离子体形态等方面的差异性逐渐增强,当激光功率增加到20 kW时,焊缝熔深以及影响熔深的等离子体面积及其波动的增量有所减小。Objective Ultrahigh-power laser welding is an important development direction for plates with medium-thickness welding.The laser-arc hybrid welding method has obvious advantages in improving the appearance,quality,and efficiency of the weld.Therefore,the 10 kW level high power laser-arc hybrid welding technology has developed rapidly.However,when the laser power reaches more than 10 kW,the vaporization behavior of the materials,the interaction between the laser beam and plasma,the stable state of the molten pool flow,the mechanism of heat transmission,and the metallurgical behavior of the weld all change to different degrees,which will affect the stability of the welding process,leading to a poor appearance of the weld and generation of weld defects,and seriously limiting the popularization and application of 10 kW laser welding.The variation in the plasma morphology during the welding process indirectly reflects the stability of the welding process.In this study,the characteristic parameters are collected,which reflect the plasma morphology and appearance of welds of three different hybrid welding methods with different laser powers:laser-MAG single-wire hybrid welding,laser-MAG single-wire hybrid welding with filler wire,and laser-MAG double-wire hybrid welding,to seek the characteristic parameters for predicting the quality of welds and providing reference values for ultrahigh-power laser-arc hybrid welding with different heat sources.Methods Three welding methods were adopted in the present study:laser-MAG single-wire hybrid welding,laser-MAG single-wire hybrid welding with filler wire,and laser-MAG double-wire hybrid welding.The weld width and penetration were extracted when the laser power increased from 5 kW to 30 kW.Then,the plum and spatter,which were produced in the welding process and investigated by a high-speed camera,the plasma diffusion height,area,and plasma splash area with different laser powers were extracted for the three welding methods.The goal is to explore the relationship between the size

关 键 词：激光技术 激光-电弧复合焊接 万瓦级激光 焊缝成形 等离子体形态 送丝方式 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]