同步纳秒激光辅助电解加工Ti-6Al-4V钛合金实验研究  

Experimental Study on Synchronous Nanosecond Laser⁃Assisted Electrochemical Processing of Ti⁃6Al⁃4V Titanium Alloy

作　　者：桂豫杰 王玉峰 杨勇[1,3] 张文武 Gui Yujie;Wang Yufeng;Yang Yong;Zhang Wenwu(Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ningbo 315201,Zhejiang,China;School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,Zhejiang,China;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aero-Engine Extreme Manufacturing Technology,Ningbo 315201,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所,浙江宁波315201 [2]宁波大学机械工程与力学学院,浙江宁波315211 [3]浙江省航空发动机极端制造技术研究重点实验室,浙江宁波315201

出　　处：《中国激光》2023年第8期191-200,共10页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51905525);浙江省自然科学基金(LD22E050013)。

摘　　要：针对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金深窄槽等结构的高效、精密、绿色加工难题,本团队利用同步纳秒激光辅助电解钛合金加工方法,综合利用激光加工效率高、局部温升、可直接去除表面钝化层以及电解加工表面质量好等优势,实现了钛合金材料的高效定域去除。研究了关键工艺参数(电解电压、激光功率、进给速度)对钛合金深窄槽加工精度和槽底面粗糙度的影响规律,验证了采用常温钝性盐溶液和较低的电解电压实现钛合金高效精密加工的可行性。研究结果表明:在电解电压为20 V、激光功率为3~5 W、进给速度为1.8 mm/min的参数下,可以实现钛合金的高效率、低表面粗糙度加工。本文提出了激光功率梯度变化(5 W→3 W)的钛合金三维结构高精密加工方法,并采用该方法在Ti-6Al-4V钛合金工件上实现了矩形台和深窄槽三维结构的加工。Objective Titanium alloys have ultra-high specific strength and excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance and are widely used in manufacturing key components in the aerospace industry.Many issues arise during the mechanical processing of titanium alloy materials,including serious tool wear,residual stress,burns,and adhesion.Consequently,the reliability and yield of the current processes are relatively low,and the cost is high.Synchronous nanosecond laser-assisted electrochemical machining has been proposed for environment-friendly,efficient,and precise machining of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy.This method takes advantage of the high efficiency and local temperature rise of laser processing and the good surface quality of electrochemical machining(ECM).Experimental studies were conducted to determine the effects of key process parameters,such as electrolysis voltage,laser power,and feeding rate.The results revealed that a electrolysis voltage of 20 V,laser power of 3‒5 W,and feeding rate of 1.8 mm/min were preferred for high-efficiency and high-precision machining of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy.The method of“high→low laser power”was proposed to obtain high-precision and efficient machining using laser-assisted ECM.Methods We use self-designed and developed special equipment for experimental research(Fig.2).The processing object is Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet with a specimen size of 50 mm×50 mm×5 mm and a polished surface.The tool tube electrodes with an inner diameter of 0.53 mm and an outer diameter of 1.20 mm was used in experiment.In order to ensure that the electrolyte flow state was laminar flow and achieve high laser coupling efficiency,the electrolyte flow was set to 100 mL/min.Before the processing test,Ti-6Al-4V specimens were cleaned sequentially for 15 min in acetone and absolute ethanol by ultrasonic cleaning,and then dried with a hair dryer.Sodium nitrate(NaNO3)solution with mass fraction of 12.5%at room temperature(24℃)was adopted as electrolyte.By controlling the relative movement

关 键 词：激光技术 激光辅助电解加工 钛合金 深窄槽 表面质量 加工精度 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]