复合热源钛合金熔丝高质量增材制造工艺研究  

Research on High-Quality Additive Manufacturing Process of Titanium Alloy Fuse with Composite Heat Source

作　　者：冯启高[1] 王琳鑫 王磊[2,3] 马利杰 汤永凯[3] 李波波 Feng Qigao;Wang Linxin;Wang Lei;Ma Lijie;Tang Yongkai;Li Bobo(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,Henan,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Manufacturing Equipment,Xi an Jiaotong University,Xi an 710049,Shaanxi,China;National Institute Corporation of Additive Manufacturing,Xi an 710300,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院机电学院,河南新乡453003 [2]西安交通大学高端制造装备协同创新中心,陕西西安710049 [3]西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司,陕西西安710300

出　　处：《中国激光》2023年第8期209-219,共11页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：173计划;河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22A460019);西安市科技计划(21ZCZZHXJS-QCY6-0002)。

摘　　要：针对钛合金熔丝增材制造零件表面粗糙度差、尺寸精度低的问题,提出了高质量复合热源熔丝成形工艺。以激光和焦耳热为热源,选用直径为0.3 mm的TC4钛合金细丝为沉积材料,首先通过焦耳电流预热金属丝,然后以低功率激光加热形成小尺寸熔池,随着基板的运动,金属丝被持续送入熔池并稳定沉积。通过单道沉积试验,研究了工艺参数对单道沉积层几何特征的影响规律。结果表明:当激光功率在50~200 W、送丝速度在60~360 mm/min的范围内变化时,工艺参数对沉积层几何特征的影响显著;当移动速度在30~360 mm/min的范围内增加时,沉积层宽度减小,高度稳定;当焦耳电流增大至10 A时,出现了周期性丝材熔断,恶化了沉积形貌和沉积稳定性。在稳定沉积参数组合(激光功率为125 W,送丝速度为240 mm/min,移动速度为300 mm/min,焦耳电流为8 A)的基础上,以25 W的降序功率梯度进行过渡,优化了坍塌、变形等缺陷,获得了高质量的钛合金薄壁件,其表面粗糙度(Ra)为1.776μm,平均壁厚为0.648 mm,平均壁厚偏差为0.004 mm,优于主流的送丝增材制造工艺,且沉积态试样在移动方向和沉积方向的拉伸强度分别为(918.91±9.54)MPa和(926.516±22.52)MPa。Objective Titanium alloys are lightweight alloys with excellent properties including high strength,high stiffness,and good corrosion resistance.Hence,they are widely used in aerospace,automobile manufacturing,and other fields and are one of the most widely studied engineering materials in the field of additive manufacturing.Metal wire feed deposition forming is an important metal additive manufacturing process that has the advantages of low cost and 100%material utilization rate.However,the process characteristics easily lead to problems of poor surface roughness and low dimensional accuracy of parts,which limits the wide application of this process.Accordingly,to improve the surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of such parts,fine metal wires can be deposited by controlling the energy input.However,a method for obtaining high-quality titanium alloy parts has not been reported in the literature.In this study,the composite heat source of the laser and joule heat is used to fuse and deposit the fine titanium alloy wire with the diameter of 0.3 mm.The influence of process parameters on the geometrical characteristics of the deposited single bead is systematically investigated,and a stable combination of the forming process parameters is obtained.Then,based on a stable single bead,aiming at shape control,high-quality thin-walled parts are obtained using the gradient transition deposition method.Methods The process uses the synergy of a laser and joule current to deposit metal wires on a traveling substrate.Metal wires are continuously fed into the molten pool for continuous deposition as the substrate moves and rapidly solidify to form continuous smooth single beads.In this experiment,the effects of process parameters on the geometric properties of single bead are systematically studied,metallographic sample of single bead is prepared,and pictures and geometric characteristic data are collected.A high-quality titanium alloy thin wall is deposited by a stable single-layer deposition process parameter combination,

关 键 词：激光技术 复合热源 增材制造 钛合金 高质量沉积 工艺优化 

分 类 号：TG44[金属学及工艺—焊接]