壳聚糖对葡萄幼苗养分吸收的影响  

Effects of chitosan on nutrient absorption of grape seedlings

作　　者：黄泳 陈松[1] 陈庆东[1] 陈庆华[1] 范中菡 夏丹 廖明安[2] 林立金[2] 胡容平 HUANG Yong;CHEN Song;CHEN Qing-dong;CHEN Qing-hua;FAN Zhong-han;XIA Dan;LIAO Ming-an;LIN Li-jin;HU Rong-ping(Institute of Plant Protection,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Southwest Agriculture Crops of Ministry of Agriculture,Chengdu610066,China;College of Horticulture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu611130,China;Institute of Sichuan Edible Fungi,Chengdu610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,成都610066 [2]四川农业大学园艺学院,成都611130 [3]四川省食用菌研究所,成都610066

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2023年第5期107-111,123,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业体系四川水果创新团队项目(sccxtd-2021-04);四川省农业科学院中试熟化项目(2021ZSSFXC56);丹棱县特色农业产业提质增效关键技术示范与推广(科技特派员)(2022ZHXC0042)。

摘　　要：为筛选出有利于葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)幼苗养分吸收的壳聚糖浓度,为葡萄生产提供参考,试验以葡萄幼苗为材料,对其喷施不同浓度的壳聚糖溶液,研究壳聚糖对葡萄幼苗养分吸收的影响。结果表明,喷施壳聚糖溶液提高了葡萄幼苗整株氮、磷、钾含量,在壳聚糖浓度为4 g/L时达最大值,分别较对照增加25.53%、18.67%、12.63%。壳聚糖处理也提高了土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量,其中,壳聚糖浓度4 g/L时,土壤有机质含量较对照增加42.58%。葡萄幼苗的中微量元素钠和钙含量随壳聚糖浓度的增大呈先降后升再降的变化趋势,而镁含量呈先升后降的变化趋势。就土壤酶活性而言,壳聚糖提高了土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶活性。4 g/L壳聚糖最有利于葡萄幼苗养分的吸收。In order to screen out the most optimal chitosan concentration for grape(Vitis vinifera L.)seedling nutrient absorption and provide the reference for grape production,grape seedlings were used as materials in the experiment,the chitosan with different concentrations was sprayed on the grape seedlings,and the effects of chitosan on nutrient absorption of grape seedlings were studied.The results showed that the chitosan increased the contents of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)in the whole plant of grape seedlings.When the concentration of chitosan was 4 g/L,the content of N,P and K reached the maximum,increasing by 25.53%,18.67%and 12.63%compared with that of the control,respectively.The chitosan treatment also increased the concentrations of soil alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P,available K and organic matter,and the content of soil organic matter was increased by 42.58%when the concentration of chitosan was 4 g/L.With the increase of chitosan concentration,the medium trace elements sodium and calcium contents in grape seedlings had a trend of decrease,increase,and then decrease,and the magnesium content in grape seedlings had a trend of increase and decrease.For soil enzyme activity,chitosan increased the activities of soil sucrase,urease,catalase,and phosphatase.Chitosan at 4 g/L was the most beneficial to grape seedlings nutrient absorption.

关 键 词：葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)幼苗 壳聚糖 养分吸收 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]