溶浸铀矿开采回顾及电动地浸采铀展望  

Review of Leaching Uranium Mining and Prospect of Electric In-situ Leaching Uranium Mining

作　　者：王文吉 李春光[1,2] 刘龙成[1,3] 谭凯旋 张翀[3] 刘振中[1] 李咏梅[1] 柳琪[1] WANG Wenji;LI Chunguang;LIU Longcheng;TAN Kaixuan;ZHANG Chong;LIU Zhenzhong;LI Yongmei;LIU Qi(University of South China,Hengyang of Hunan Prov.421001,China;China Institude of Atomic Energy,Beijing 102413,China;Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering Metallurgy,Beijing 101149,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学,湖南衡阳421001 [2]中国原子能科学研究院,北京102413 [3]核工业北京化工冶金研究院,北京101149

出　　处：《核科学与工程》2023年第1期233-241,共9页Nuclear Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52204139);湖南省教育厅优秀青年基金(20B494)。

摘　　要：传统溶浸采铀方法不能经济、高效、环保地开采超低品位、低渗透性铀矿。为了解决低品位、低渗透性铀矿浸出效率低以及浸出过程中对当地生态环境的影响等问题,综述了近60年来的溶浸采铀物理、化学、微生物增效方法及电动技术的研究进展。结合原地浸出方法和电动技术,分析发现电动原地浸出(EK-ISL)技术主要通过电迁移和电渗透的作用提高溶浸剂的均匀渗透能力和离子的定向迁移速度,从而促进含矿层目标矿物和脉石溶解,显著提高矿层渗透系数及铀浸出率,并在电场的定向作用下降低溶浸剂向采场外迁移的风险。电动原地浸出采铀技术在低渗透、低品位铀矿开采中的应用前景十分广阔。The traditional in-situ leaching method cannot economically,efficiently and environmentally exploit the ultra-low grade and low permeability uranium ore.In order to solve the problems of the low leaching efficiency of the low grade and low permeability uranium ore and the influence of the leaching process on the local ecological environment,the study progress of the in-situ leaching method on physical,chemical,microbiological and electrokinetic technology in recent 60 years are reviewed.Combined with the in-situ leaching method and the electrokinetic technique,it is found that the electrokinetic in-situ leaching(EK-ISL)technique mainly improves the uniform permeability of the solvent and the directional migration speed of ions through the action of electromigration and electroosmosis,so as to promote the dissolution of target minerals and gangues in the ore-bearing layer,significantly improve the permeability coefficient of the ore layer and the leaching rate of uranium,and reduce the risk of solvent migration to the outside of the mining site under the targeted electric field.The application prospect of EK-ISL in low permeability and low grade uranium mining is very broad.

关 键 词：低品位铀矿 低渗透铀矿 开采方法 电动地浸 回顾展望 

分 类 号：TD868[矿业工程—金属矿开采]