费米子的相对论自旋输运理论  

SPECIAL TOPIC—Spin and chiral effects in high energy heavy ion collisions Relativistic spin transport theory for spin-1/2 fermions

作　　者：高建华 盛欣力 王群[3] 庄鹏飞[4] Gao Jian-Hua;Sheng Xin-Li;Wang Qun;Zhuang Peng-Fei(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment,School of Space Science and Physics,Shandong University,Weihai 264209,China;INFN-Firenze,Via Giovanni Sansone,1,50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI,Italy;Department of Modern Physics,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Department of Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学空间科学与物理学院,山东省光学天文与日地空间环境重点实验室,威海264209 [2]INFN-Firenze,Via Giovanni Sansone,1,50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI,Italy [3]中国科学技术大学近代物理系,合肥230026 [4]清华大学物理系,北京100084

出　　处：《物理学报》2023年第11期27-36,共10页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:11890710,11890713,12175123,12135011)资助的课题.

摘　　要：在重离子碰撞中,自旋轨道耦合可以导致整体极化现象.自从2017年,STAR工作中发现超子Λ在Au+Au碰撞中的整体极化,整体极化效应引起了学术界的广泛关注.整体极化效应的微观产生机制可以利用粒子之间非定域的散射过程来描述:在重离子碰撞中产生了热密物质,热密物质中的粒子之间通过非定域的碰撞过程实现了轨道角动量向自旋角动量的转换,从而导致散射后的粒子自旋极化.为了描述这一微观过程,在相空间描述自旋轨道耦合更加方便,而自旋轨道耦合又是一种量子效应,所以基于协变维格纳函数的量子动理学理论将是描述整体极化现象的有力工具.本文介绍了基于维格纳函数的量子动理学理论以及自旋输运理论.近期自旋输运理论的发展为以后数值模拟自旋极化现象的时空演化提供了理论基础.Global polarization effect is an important physical phenomenon reflecting spin-orbit couplings in heavy ion collisions.Since STAR’s observation of the global polarization of Λ hyperons in Au+Au collisions in 2017,this effect has attracted a lot of interests in the field.In the hot and dense matter produced in heavy ion collisions,the spin-orbit couplings come from non-local collisions between particles,in which the orbital angular momentum involves the space and momentum information of the colliding particles,so it is necessary to describe the particle collisions with spin-orbit couplings in phase space.In addition,the spin-orbit coupling is a quantum effect,which requires quantum theory.In combination of two aspects,the quantum kinetic theory based on covariant Wigner functions has become a powerful tool to describe the global polarization effect.In this paper,we introduce the quantum kinetic theory for spin-1/2 Fermion system based on Wigner functions as well as the spin transport theory developed on this basis.The recent research progress of spin transport theory provides a solid theoretical foundation for simulating the space-time evolution of spin polarization effects in heavy ion collisions.

关 键 词：维格纳函数 量子输运 自旋输运理论 

分 类 号：O469[理学—凝聚态物理]