中亚地区生态脆弱性时空演变及其驱动因素  

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Ecological Vulnerability and Its Driving Factors in Central Asia Area

作　　者：李雨衡 赵艳 程磊磊[1] 刘涧樱 李雪辉 白建华 Li Yuheng;Zhao Yan;Cheng LeiLei;Liu Jianying;Li Xuehui;Bai Jianhua(Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Xinjiang Forestry Planning Institute,Urumqi 830049,China;Hulunbuir Forestry and Grassland Development Center,Hailar 021008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,北京100091 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区林业规划院,乌鲁木齐830049 [3]呼伦贝尔市林业和草原事业发展中心,海拉尔021008

出　　处：《陆地生态系统与保护学报》2023年第1期47-56,共10页Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基　　金：自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B03002-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析2001—2015年中亚地区生态脆弱性整体空间格局以及其时间演变,探究中亚地区生态脆弱性演变的驱动力,为中亚地区生态环境的保护与修复提供参考。【方法】基于中亚地区干旱的生态特征,选取气候、植被、土壤等因子构建中亚地区生态脆弱性评价体系,运用层次分析法(AHP)对2001、2005、2010、2015年生态脆弱性时空演变进行分析,并利用地理探测器对生态脆弱性的驱动因子进行研究。【结果】中亚地区生态脆弱性以极度脆弱和重度脆弱为主,从土地利用类型的角度来看,重度脆弱性与极度脆弱性区域分布最多的土地利用类型为荒漠,轻度脆弱性区域和微度脆弱性区域分布最多的土地利用类型为草原;按照生态脆弱程度由高到低的排序情况为:土库曼斯坦>乌兹别克斯坦>中国新疆>哈萨克斯坦>塔吉克斯坦>吉尔吉斯斯坦;利用地理探测器对中亚地区生态脆弱性驱动因子进行分析,气候要素与人类活动因素的交互作用对中亚地区生态脆弱性解释度较高。【结论】中亚地区生态脆弱性整体呈恢复趋势,北部草原地带恢复较为明显;中亚地区生态脆弱性是自然因素与人类活动因素共同作用的结果。【Objective】The overall spatial pattern and time evolution of ecological vulnerability were analysed in Central Asia from 2001 to 2015,explored the driving forces of the evolution of ecological vulnerability in Central Asia,and provided reference for the protection and restoration of the ecological environment in Central Asia.【Method】Based on the ecological characteristics of drought in Central Asia,the ecological vulnerability evaluation system in Central Asia was constructed by selecting climate,vegetation,soil and other factors,and the spatial and temporal evolution of ecological vulnerability in 2001,2005,2010 and 2015 was analyzed by using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP).【Result】The ecological vulnerability in Central Asia is dominated by extreme vulnerability and severe vulnerability,from the view of land use type,the land type with the largest distribution of severe vulnerability and extreme vulnerability is desert,and the land type with the largest distribution of mild vulnerability and slight vulnerability is grassland.According to the order of ecological vulnerability from high to low,the sequence is:Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan,Xinjiang of China,Kazakhstan,Tajikistan,Kyrgyzstan.Analysis of the driving factors of ecological vulnerability in Central Asia through Geodetectors,the interaction between climate factors and human disturbance factors has a high degree of interpretation of ecological vulnerability in Central Asia.【Conclusion】The ecological vulnerability of Central Asia tends to recover as a whole,and the recovery of the northern grassland is more obvious.The ecological vulnerability of Central Asia is the result of natural factors and human disturbance factors.

关 键 词：生态脆弱性 SRP模型 中亚地区 生态敏感性 生态恢复力 生态压力 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]