广州大封门林场次生林的物种多样性及经营启示  

Species Diversity of Secondary Forest in Dafengmen Forest Farm of Guangzhou and Its Management Enlightenment

作　　者：李浩 宋玉林 Li Hao;Song Yulin(Guangzhou Institute of Foretry and Landscape Gardening,Guangzhou 510405,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市林业和园林科学研究院,广州510405

出　　处：《陆地生态系统与保护学报》2023年第1期88-95,共8页Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基　　金：广州增城区财政项目(2021-440118-01-000098)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过对广州市大封门林场次生林群落开展物种多样性研究,筛选出目的树种和非目的树种,为下一步通过森林经营手段逐步将目的树种变成优势树种、形成优势树与目的树趋同的次生林群落、提升森林质量提供参考依据。【方法】采用典型样方调查法,运用统计学分析方法计算物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Weiner指数、Simpson指数、Pielou均匀度指数,对增城区大封门林场次生林群落的物种组成、多度分布、物种分布、优势度、蓄积量、径级结构和乔、灌、草的物种多样性进行了研究。【结果】共记录到植物63种,隶属36科54属,其中2种国家二级保护植物;个体数量最多的树种为罗浮柿(Diospyros morrisiana),个体数量、种数量最多的科为樟科(Lauraceae);重要值最大的种为浙江润楠(Machilus chekiangensis)(19.888),其次为罗浮柿(15.150);林分乔木密度为4 180株·hm^(-2),蓄积量为120.15 m^(3)·hm^(-2),平均单株材积0.03 m^(3),径级结构呈现“倒J型”的结构特征;群落物种多样性指数总体偏低,丰富度指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数都表现为乔木层>草本层>灌木层,均匀度指数表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层。【结论】次生林群落的主要优势种为浙江润楠和罗浮柿,群落正朝着自然演替方向进行,物种多样性低,可针对性地筛选出目的树种和非目的树种,围绕几个主要经营方向,采取引导性经营,进行定向干预,在保护物种多样性的同时提升森林质量。【Objective】Through the study of species diversity in secondary forest communities in Dafengmen Forest Farm in Guangzhou,the target tree species and non-target tree species were screened out.This provided a reference basis for gradually turning target tree species into dominant tree species through forest management methods,forming secondary forest communities with the convergence of dominant trees and target trees,and improving forest quality.【Method】The species composition,abundance distribution,species distribution,dominance,stock,diameter structure,and species diversity of trees,shrubs,and grasses in the secondary forest community of Dafengmen Forest Farm in Zengcheng District were studied by using the typical sample survey method.Furthermore,the species diversity,Shannon-Weiner index,Simpson index,and Pielou uniformity index were calculated in this experiment.【Result】A total of 63 species of plants were recorded,belonging to 36 families and 54 genera,including 2 species of national second-class protected plants.The tree species with the most significant number of individuals is Diospyros morrisiana,and the family with the most significant number of individuals and species is Lauraceae.The species with the most significant value was Machilus chekiangensis(19.888),followed by Diospyros morrisiana(15.150),the number of stand trees was 4180 plants·hm^(-2),the volume was 120.15 m^(3)·hm^(-2),the average volume per plant was 0.03 m^(3),and the diameter structure showed the structural characteristics of"inverted J type".The diversity index of community species was generally low.The richness index,Simpson index,and Shannon-Wiener index manifested as tree layer>herbaceous layer>shrub layer.The uniformity index showed herbaceous layer>shrub layer>tree layer.【Conclusion】Secondary forest communities are dominated by Machilus chekiangensis and Diospyros morrisiana,and they are moving toward natural succession.There’s low species diversity among the communities,which makes it easy to screen out non-targ

关 键 词：天然次生林 物种多样性 优势树种 目的树种 森林经营 

分 类 号：S754.5[农业科学—森林经理学]