妊娠糖尿病患者膳食多样化现状调查与孕期增重的相关性研究  

Association between dietary diversity and gestational weight gain in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

作　　者：朱佳妮 李传馨 金芳泽 顾然[1] 杨帆[1] ZHU Jiani;LI Chuanxin;JIN Fangze;GU Ran;YANG Fan(Department of Clinical Nutrition,the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province&The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650032,Yunnan,China;Nursing College,Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650032,Yunnan,China;Nursing College,Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省第一人民医院〈昆明理工大学附属医院〉临床营养科,云南昆明650032 [2]昆明医科大学护理学院,云南昆明650032 [3]河北医科大学护理学院,河北石家庄050000

出　　处：《护士进修杂志》2023年第11期978-982,共5页Journal of Nurses Training

基　　金：云南省科技厅重大科技专项计划基金资助项目(编号:202102AE090025,202002AA1000056-2)。

摘　　要：目的探讨妊娠糖尿病(GDM)患者膳食多样化水平与孕中晚期体重增长速率的关系。方法选取2021年11月-2022年5月间在云南省第一人民医院临床营养科门诊就诊的妊娠糖尿病患者共100例为研究对象,使用一般资料表、24 h膳食调查法和膳食多样化评分(DDS)对患者进行调查,并根据患者DDS水平分为不足组(1~3分)、适中组(4~6分)和充足组(7~9分)。结果(1)DDS水平:不足组34例,适中组44例,充足组22例。(2)随膳食多样化水平的增加,研究对象体重增长速率趋向于正常。DDS水平与孕中晚期体重增长速率呈负相关(r=-0.306,P<0.05)。(3)DDS水平不足组发生体重增长速率过缓的危险度是充足组的3.757倍(P<0.05);适中组及不足组发生体重增长速率过快的危险度分别是充足组的3.848及8.335倍(P<0.05);结论GDM患者DDS水平较低,膳食结构不合理,DDS水平能够影响孕期体重增长速率。故提高DDS水平对GDM患者孕期体重适度增长具有重要意义。Objective To explore the relationship between dietary diversity and gestational weight gain in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods A total of 100 patients with GDM in the clinical nutrition clinic of a hospital from November 2021 to May 2022 were selected.The 24-hours diet survey was used to investigated the total number of food intakes in the past 3-days.Dietary diversity score(DDS),pre-pregnancy BMI,and weight-gain rate during pregnancy were calculated,and blood glucose values of patients were recorded,and the relationship between dietary diversity and weight-gain rate in GDM patients was analyzed.Results With the increasing of dietary diversity,blood glucose values of patients were showed a decreasing trend.The fasting blood glucose and 2 h postprandial blood glucose of the insufficient group and the moderate group were higher than the dietary diversity group with statistically significant differences(P<0.05);With the increasing of dietary diversity,the weight-gain rate tended to be normal,and dietary diversity was negatively correlated with gestational weight-gain rate(r=-0.306,P<0.05);The risk of too slow weight growth in group 1-3 scores of dietary diversity level was 3.757 times higher than that in group 7-9 scores(P<0.05).And the excessive weight growth in groups 4-6 scores and 1-3 scores with dietary diversity level were 3.848 and 8.335 times higher than that in group 7-9 scores(P<0.05).Conclusion The level of dietary diversity in GDM patients is low and the dietary structure is unreasonable.The level of dietary diversity affects the fluctuation of weight-gain rate and blood glucose value during pregnancy.Therefore,improving the level of dietary diversity is of great significance for the moderate weight-gain rate and blood sugar stability of GDM patients during pregnancy.

关 键 词：妊娠糖尿病 膳食多样化 孕期增重速率 血糖 

分 类 号：R473.71[医药卫生—护理学]