活性及分散染料染色新技术  

Review of new dyeing technologies for reactive dyes and disperse dyes

作　　者：吴伟 纪柏林 毛志平[1,2,3,4,5] WU Wei;JI Bolin;MAO Zhiping(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile,Ministry of Education,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;National Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing and Finishing Technology,Taian,Shandong 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学化学与化工学院,上海201620 [2]东华大学生态纺织教育部重点实验室,上海201620 [3]东华大学国家染整工程技术研究中心,上海201620 [4]东华大学纺织科技创新中心,上海201620 [5]国家先进印染技术创新中心,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《纺织学报》2023年第5期1-12,共12页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020ZD22);山东省重点研发计划项目(重大科技创新工程)(2022ZDPT02);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2232022G-04);国家自然科学基金项目(22208049)。

摘　　要：为促进印染工业向高质低耗方向发展,对近年来国内外活性和分散染料染色的技术发展和研究工作进行了综述。从少盐/无盐染色技术、低给液高固色率染色技术、少水/非水介质染色技术、针织物平幅连续浸轧染色技术4个方面详细介绍了活性染料染色技术的发展现状,从碱性染色技术、液体纳米分散染料染色技术、免水洗连续染色技术、非水介质染色技术4个方面阐述了分散染料的研究进展,着重分析了这些技术的优势、存在缺陷和未来发展方向。分析认为,2种染料染色技术的发展主要关注减少化学品的使用和污水排放、提高染料利用率以及提高染色生产效率,着力促使印染工业向绿色、低耗和可持续发展方向迈进。Significance Although dyeing is an important technique to give color to textiles,it also depletes resources and creates a lot of pollution.Reactive and disperse dyes are the most widely used dyes for coloring cellulose and polyester fibers,respectively.The output of two dyes accounts for more than 70%of the total output of dyes.However,reactive dyeing has problems with insufficient dye utilization,excessive use of inorganic salts,and high wastewater discharge.Meanwhile,the reduction cleaning step in the disperse dyeing process uses a lot of water and energy.The dispersants and unfixed dyes which are washed off in the reduction cleaning step will cause more difficulty in treating wastewater.Therefore,innovative dyeing techniques of two dyes that can solve these problems were reviewed in this paper.Progress In order to reduce the usage amount of inorganic salts in reactive dyeing technology,researchers developed a series of methods to increase the affinity of dyes and fibers,such as cationic modifications and designing macromolecular dyes.In order to improve the utilization of dyes,the wet pickup of the fabric was controlled at a low level to reduce the hydrolysis of reactive dyes.The low wet pickup dyeing technologies are foam dyeing,vacuum-dewatering aided pad-steam dyeing,spray dyeing and″moisture fixation″dyeing.Organic solvent(ethanol,decamethylcyclopentasiloxane,silicone oil)/water mixed solvent,liquid ammonia,and organic mixed solvent(dimethyl sulfoxide/dimethyl carbonate)were used as dyeing media to reduce the wastewater discharge.In order to solve the problem of low dyeing efficiency and high material consumption of rope dyeing,open-width dyeing technology for the cotton knitted fabric was developed.For disperse dyeing techniques,the first advancement is the development of alkali-resistant disperse dyes,which were created to solve the problem of water and energy usage during the reduction cleaning process.Owing to the same alkaline conditions,the pre-treatment and soap-washing procedures can also be co

关 键 词：活性染料 分散染料 染色新技术 提质增效 节能减排 

分 类 号：TS190.8[轻工技术与工程—纺织化学与染整工程]