桂糖47号和桂糖31号对机械收获的生理适应性差异  

Difference of Physiological Adaptability of Guitang 47 and Guitang 31 to Mechanical Harvest

作　　者：邓宇驰[1] 吴建明[1] 王伦旺[1] 贤武 黄海荣[1] 李燕娇 王春玲 王宇萍 经艳[1] 罗霆[1] DENG Yuchi;WU Jianming;WANG Lunwang;XIAN Wu;HUANG Hairong;LI Yanjiao;WANG Chunling;WANG Yuping;JING Yan;LUO Ting(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Guangxi Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Sugarcan Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2023年第5期946-954,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(No.2019GXNSFBA245005);广西科技重大专项课题(桂科AA22117002-6);中国科学院华南植物园重点支持项目(No.E36101)。

摘　　要：当前甘蔗机械收获不能大面积推广的难点和痛点是机械碾压对甘蔗生长造成的负面影响。为了探明机械收获对桂糖47号(GT47)和桂糖31号(GT31)苗期主要农艺性状和重要生理指标的影响,为甘蔗机械收获的生理适应性评价和适宜机械收获品种选育提供理论参考。试验采用随机区组设计,设机械收获和人工收获2种处理,对比分析不同处理的发株率、分蘖率、叶片主要成分、根系活力及相关酶类的差异。结果表明,机械收获对GT31的发株率和分蘖率影响较大,对GT47发株率的影响不明显;2个甘蔗品种人工收获时的含氮量差异极显著,2种收获方式对GT47的含氮量影响不明显;人工收获时,GT47和GT31的全磷含量差异极显著,而机械收获时,2个品种的全磷含量无显著差异。钾含量受不同收获方式和不同甘蔗品种的影响都较大,无论是机械收获还是人工收获,GT47和GT31的全钾含量之间均存在极显著差异;不同收获方式下,不同甘蔗品种的根系活力差异较大,机械收获时,GT47和GT31的根系活力分别为0.53 mg/(g•h)和0.82 mg/(g•h),差异达到极显著水平,而人工收获时,2个品种的根系活力无明显差异;机械收获后,GT31根系的MDA含量在机械收获后极显著高于人工收获,而GT47根系的MDA含量在2种收获方式下无明显差异;机械收获时,GT47根系的CAT活性达到688.07 nmol/(min•g),极显著高于GT31;不同品种间,相同品种的不同收获方式间,根系的Pro含量和POD活性均差异不显著。不同甘蔗品种对不同收获方式的适应性存在差异,GT47在机械碾压后,在发株、分蘖等农艺性状和叶片营养、根系活力、根系抗逆相关酶类等生理指标变化上均表现出对机械碾压更快速和敏锐的反应能力,GT47较GT31更适宜机械收获。At present,the difficulty and pain point that sugarcane mechanical harvesting cannot be widely promoted is that mechanical rolling has a negative effect on sugarcane growth.In order to explore the effects of mechanical har-vesting on the main agronomic traits and important physiological indexes of GT47 and GT31 at seedling stage,and provide theoretical reference for the evaluation of physiological adaptability of sugarcane mechanical harvesting and selection of suitable mechanical harvesting varieties,a randomized block design was used to compare and analyze the differences of plant growth rate,tiller rate,main components of leaves,root activity and related enzymes between mechanical and artificial harvesting treatments.The results showed that mechanical harvesting had a great effect on the rate of plant initiation and tillering of GT31,but not on the rate of plant initiation of GT47.There was a significant difference in nitrogen content between the two varieties during artificial harvesting,and the two harvesting methods had no obvious effect on the nitrogen content of GT47.The difference of total P content between GT47 and GT31 was extremely significant in artificial harvest,while there was no significant difference in total P content between the two varieties in mechanical harvest.Potassium content was greatly affected by different fertilization methods and different sugarcane varieties,and there was a significant difference in total potassium content between GT47 and GT31 regardless of mechanical or artificial harvesting.The root activity of GT47 and GT31 was 0.53 mg/(g·h)and 0.82 mg/(g·h)respectively in mechanical harvesting,but there was no significant difference in the root activity of the two varieties in artificial harvesting.After mechanical milling,the MDA content of GT31 root was significantly higher than that of artificial harvesting,while the MDA content of GT47 root showed no significant difference between the two harvesting methods.The CAT activity in root system of GT47 was 688.07 nmol/(min·g)

关 键 词：桂糖47号 桂糖31号 机械收获 机械碾压 生理适应性 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]