淮山药零余子^(60)Co-γ辐射的诱变效应  

Mutagenic Effect of^(60)Co-γRay Radiation on Chinese Yam Bulbil

作　　者：胡泊[1] 宾丽慧 容敏坚 黄学华 胡永杏 古彪 HU Po;BIN Lihui;RONG Minjian;HUANG Xuehua;HU Yongxing;GU Biao(Institute of Horticulture,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;Yulin Branch,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yulin,Guangxi 537000,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院园艺研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西农业科学院玉林分院,广西玉林537000

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2023年第5期986-993,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系广西薯类创新团队项目(No.nycytxgxcxtd-11-05)。

摘　　要：为探讨^(60)Co-γ辐射对淮山药主要性状的诱变效应,开创淮山药育种的新路径,以南方生态型淮山药品种桂淮5号零余子为材料,开展^(60)Co-γ射线辐射诱变研究,并根据育种目标对辐射第一代(M1)的变异性状进行选择。结果表明:(1)一定剂量范围内^(60)Co-γ射线对淮山药零余子发芽、成苗有极显著的抑制损伤作用,辐射剂量与发芽率一元线性回归方程为y=‒0.8776x+103.37,据此其半致死剂量、临界剂量分别为^(60).8 Gy和72.2 Gy;(2)40 Gy辐射处理对淮山药零余子M1代群体萌芽及生长发育没有抑制作用,相反表现出一定的促进作用。(3)辐照处理诱导零余子M1代群体块茎增长增粗、增加单薯重量。(4)辐照处理诱导零余子M1代个别单株块茎丛生分枝,薯形由长柱形变异为不规则的块状,单薯重量大幅度提高;100 Gy处理尤为明显,出现机率达到了该处理收获株数的90%。(5)辐射处理诱导零余子M1代出现具有双胞薯明显变异的单株,^(60)Gy处理的出现机率最高,占该处理收获株数的8%。试验从M1代筛选获得了18个双胞薯、11个大型薯和1个开雌花等表现差异明显的单株。结果表明,淮山药辐射诱变育种具有良好的应用前景,并为淮山药新品种、品系选育提供了基础材料。The southern ecological type of Chinese yam variety Guihuai5 was used to investigate the mutagenic effect of^(60)Co-γradiation.In a certain dose range,^(60)Co-γradiation had highly significant inhibitory effect on the germination and seedling growth of Chinese yam bulbils.The linear regression equation between the radiation dose and germination rate was y=‒0.8776x+103.37.According to this,the half-lethal-dose and 40%-lethal-dose was^(60).8 Gy and 72.2 Gy respectively.40 Gy radiation treatment had no inhibitory effect on the germination,growth and development of the M1 generation population of the bulbils.On the contrary,it showed a promoting effect in some extent.Radiation treatment induced increased tuber length,diameter and weight in the off spring plants of M1 generation.The radiation treatment induced fascicular branching in some individual tubers in the M1 generation,which resulted in the tuber change from long-column-shaped shape to irregular-block-shaped shape,and the weight of single tuber increased greatly.This oc-curred particularly in 90%of the plants harvested in the 100 Gy treatment.^(60)Co-γtreatment induced mutations with twin tubers in the M1 generation of the treated bulbils.The occurrence probability of the twin mutation was the highest in the^(60)Gy treatment,accounting for 8%of the plants harvested.From the M1 generation,18 mutants with twin tubers,11 mutants with large tubers and 1 mutant with female flowers were obtained.The results of this experiment indicate a bright prospect for radiation induction breeding of Chinese yam,and would provide basic materials for the further breeding of new Chinese yam varieties and lines.

关 键 词：淮山药 零余子 ^(60)Co-γ辐射 诱变效应 M1代单株选择 

分 类 号：S632.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]