社会比较与中小学教师的心理健康:职业压力与心理弹性的作用  

Effect of social comparison on mental health in primary and middle schools'teachers:The role of career stress and resilience

作　　者：董志文 曹毅[1] 侯玉波[1] 戴玉婉 DONG Zhiwen;CAO Yi;HOU Yubo;DAI Yuwan(School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理与认知科学学院暨行为与健康北京市重点实验室,100871

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2023年第6期876-881,共6页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:32271125)。

摘　　要：目的:考察中小学教师社会比较倾向对心理健康的影响,以及职业压力在其中的中介作用和心理弹性的调节作用。方法:研究者用社会比较倾向量表、教师职业压力量表、心理弹性量表和心理症状自评量表(SCL-90)对西南某地区1189名小学和初中教师进行施测。结果:①社会比较倾向与中小学教师不良心理症状正向相关(B=0.61,P<0.001),且职业压力在二者的关系中起中介作用(中介效应量为0.18,95%CI=[0.14,0.22]);②心理弹性对社会比较倾向与职业压力(B=-0.28,P<0.001)和不良心理症状(B=-0.16,P<0.001)之间的关系具有调节作用,即心理弹性可以缓解中小学教师社会比较带来的职业压力和不良心理症状;③心理弹性对职业压力在社会比较倾向和心理健康之间的中介效应有调节作用(B=-0.09,95%CI=[-0.14,-0.05]),即中小学教师心理弹性越高,社会比较倾向通过职业压力对其心理健康的不良影响越小。结论:社会比较会增强中小学教师的职业压力,进而降低其心理健康,而心理弹性可以缓解中小学教师社会比较倾向对职业压力和心理健康的负面影响。Objective:To explore the effect of social comparison on mental health in primary and middle school teachers and verify the mediating role of career stress,as well as the moderating role of resilience.Methods:A total of 1189 valid participants completed the Social Comparison Scale,the Career Stress Scale,the Resilience Scale,and the SCL-90.Results:①Social comparison positively predicted psychological symptoms(B=0.61,P<0.001),and career stress mediated the relation between social comparison and mental health(indirect effec t=0.18,95%CI=[0.14,0.22]).②Resilience moderated the connection of social comparison with career stress(B=-0.28,P<0.001)and mental health(B=-0.16,P<0.001).③Resilience buffered the mediation effect of career stress on the relationship between social comparison and psychological symptoms(B=-0.09,95%CI=[-0.14,-0.05]).Conclusion:Social comparison increases psychological symptoms directly,and indirectly through career stress,and resilience buffers the indirect and indirect effects.

关 键 词：中小学教师 社会比较倾向 心理健康 职业压力 心理弹性 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]