蕾铃脱落对棉花果枝叶光合产物积累及“源”潜力的影响  

Effects of Squares and Bolls Abscission on Photosynthate Accumulation and Its Strength as an Auxiliary Source of Cotton Sympodial Leaves

作　　者：阚家强 刘玉 周治国[1] 陈兵林[1] 赵文青 胡伟[1] 胡少鸿 陈阳 王友华[1] KAN JiaQiang;LIU Yu;ZHOU ZhiGuo;CHEN BingLin;ZHAO WenQing;HU Wei;HU ShaoHong;CHEN Yang;WANG YouHua(College of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Management,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production(JCIC-MCP),Nanjing 210095)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院/农业农村部作物生理生态与生产管理重点实验室/江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心,南京210095

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第9期1658-1669,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31871574)。

摘　　要：【目的】棉花蕾铃脱落率常超过60%,蕾铃脱落后的果枝叶常作为“辅助源”对其邻位铃的发育起重要作用。探明棉花果枝叶在其对位蕾铃脱落后作为“辅助源”的潜力及其变化趋势,丰富棉花产量形成的“源-库”调控理论,为棉花补偿性生长的栽培管理提供理论依据。【方法】以中棉425为材料于2021年分2个播期(5月10日、6月1日)在江苏南京(118°50′E,32°02′N)南京农业大学牌楼试验站开展田间试验,研究果枝韧皮部阻断条件下,去库(化学法阻断第四、五、六果枝第一果节“蕾-对位叶”系统与主茎连接的韧皮部,同时去除该系统蕾/花,模拟蕾铃脱落条件)后棉花果枝叶形态特征、气体交换参数、碳氮物质及内源激素含量等叶片源能力相关指标的变化。【结果】(1)去库处理显著增加了果枝叶中果糖、蔗糖、淀粉、纤维素含量,却显著降低了其葡萄糖含量。随着时间的推延,去库后1 d,淀粉的增幅最大,纤维素增幅则主要在去库后3 d明显变大;去库后5 d,蔗糖、纤维素、淀粉的增幅较大。(2)去库后,糖分更多地以非还原性糖形式积累;光合产物更多地向淀粉形式分配;多聚糖/低聚糖呈先降低后升高的趋势,而果枝叶C/N则呈现先升高后下降的趋势。(3)去库处理显著降低了果枝叶净光合速率和叶绿素含量。(4)果枝叶局部呈现紫红色且花青素含量较对照升高了约2倍。(5)去库后,果枝叶中ABA含量呈上升趋势且显著高于对照,IAA含量呈先上升后下降的趋势;GA3含量在去库处理后显著低于对照,而JA与SA含量则显著高于对照。(6)果枝叶内源激素动态平衡在去库后改变,ABA/IAA、JA/IAA呈现先减小后增大的趋势,而ABA/GA3、JA/GA3则不断增大。【结论】蕾铃脱落后,果枝叶中糖分积累和分配形式及内源激素信号发生显著改变,并对其叶源能力产生显著影响。短期内(1—3 d),果枝叶中糖类物质整�【Objective】The abscission rate of squares and bolls is often more than 60%,and the sympodial leaves after squares bolls shedding are often used as“auxiliary sources”to play an important role in the development of adjacent bolls.In order to enrich the“source-sink”regulation theory and provide theoretical basis for the regulation of cotton yield compensatory development,the activity changing characters of the“auxiliary sources”was explored after the shedding of their squares or bolls.【Method】In this study,two sowing dates(May 10 and June 1,2021)of Zhongmian 425 were used to carry out a field experiment at the Pailou Experimental Station of Nanjing Agricultural University in Nanjing,Jiangsu province(118°50′E,32°02′N).Under the conditions of fruiting branch phloem blocking,the changes of related indicators of leaf source capacity,such as cotton sympodial leaves morphological characteristics,gas exchange parameters,carbon and nitrogen substances and endogenous hormone content,were studied after defruiting(isolate the“source-sink”system on the first node at the fourth,fifth or sixth fruiting branches by chemical blocked the phloem,and then simulated the boll abscission condition by manual remove the bud or young bolls of the system).【Result】(1)The defruiting treatment significantly increased the content of fructose,sucrose,starch and cellulose in sympodial leaves,but significantly decreased the glucose content.With the extension of time,the increase of starch was the largest at 1 day after treatment(DAT),while that of cellulose was significantly larger at 3 DAT and that of sucrose,cellulose and starch was relatively larger at 5 DAT.(2)After treatment,carbohydrates accumulated more in the form of non-reducing sugars;photosynthates were more distributed to starch;polysaccharides/oligosaccharides decreased at first and then increased;while the C/N of sympodial leaves increased at first and then decreased.(3)The defruiting treatment significantly decreased the net photosynthetic rate and c

关 键 词：棉花 蕾铃脱落 果枝韧皮部阻断 糖 激素 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]