马铃薯条加工副产品与稻草混贮对奶公牛育肥性能和血液生化指标的影响  

Effects of Holstein Bulls Fed Mixed Silage of Potato Chips Processing by Product with Rice Straw on Fattening Performance and Blood Biochemical Indexes

作　　者：温媛媛 李妍[2] 李建国[1] 王美美[1] 于长辉 沈宜钊 高艳霞[1] 李秋凤[1] 曹玉凤[1] WEN YuanYuan;LI Yan;LI JianGuo;WANG MeiMei;YU ChangHui;SHEN YiZhao;GAO YanXia;LI QiuFeng;CAO YuFeng(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei;College of Veterinary Medicine,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei;Hebei Jingmei Animal Husbandry Limited,Cangzhou 061000,Hebei)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北农业大学动物医学院,河北保定071000 [3]河北景美牧业有限公司,河北沧州061000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第9期1800-1812,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-37);河北省现代农业产业技术体系肉牛创新团队项目(HBCT2018130202)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究饲粮中不同比例生马铃薯条加工副产品与稻草混贮(以下简称“混贮”)替代全株玉米青贮(以下简称“青贮”)对荷斯坦奶公牛育肥性能、养分表观消化率、瘤胃发酵参数、血液生化指标及经济效益的影响。为马铃薯加工副产品在养牛生产中的利用提供理论依据。【方法】选用60头健康、体况良好、体重相近((461.33±33.47)kg)的荷斯坦公牛,采用完全随机试验设计,分为4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1头牛;4个处理组为T20组(精料+20%混贮+80%青贮)、T40组(精料+40%混贮+60%青贮)、T60组(精料+60%混贮+40%青贮)和T80组(精料+80%混贮+20%青贮),各试验组饲粮精粗比和精料组成一致,预试期10 d,正试期150 d。【结果】(1)不同比例混贮替代全株玉米青贮,奶公牛的平均日增重(ADG)差异不显著(P>0.05)。T20组干物质采食量(DMI)显著高于其他三组(P<0.01)比T40组提高了4.30%(P<0.01),比T60组提高了5.24%(P<0.01),比T80提高了6.01%(P<0.01)。T40组的料重比(F/G)最低,显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)较T20、T60和T80组分别降低了4.08%(P<0.01)、3.14%(P<0.05)和5.60%(P<0.01)。(2)与T80组相比,前3组饲粮干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗脂肪(EE)的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。T20组粗蛋白(CP)的表观消化率显著高于T60和T80组(P<0.05),与T40组差异不显著(P>0.05)。(3)提高饲粮中混贮比例,不影响各组瘤胃pH、丙酸和丁酸含量(P>0.05)。但T60和T80组氨态氮(NH3-N)和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度显著低于T20组(P<0.05),乙酸含量显著高于T20组(P<0.01)。T80组的乙酸/丙酸比显著高于T20和T40组(P<0.05)。(4)T20组白蛋白(ALB)含量显著高于T60和T80组(P<0.05),T80组尿素氮(UN)浓度极显著升高(P<0.01),较T20、T40和T60组分别升高了29.05%、20.96%和11.31%,T20组的葡萄糖(GLU)浓度显著高于T60和T80组(P<0.01),与T40组差异不显著(P>0.05)。(5)T40组的经济效益最高(17.96元/【Objective】The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects of different proportions of mixed silage of raw potato chips processing by product with rice straw(hereinafter referred to as“mixed storage”)instead of whole plant corn silage(hereinafter referred to as“silage”)on fattening performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,rumen fermentation parameters,blood biochemical indexes and economic benefits of Holstein bulls,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the use of potato processing by-products in cattle production.【Method】Sixty healthy Holstein bulls with similar body weight((461.33±33.47)kg)were randomly divided into four groups with 15 replicates in each group and one bull per replicate,including T20 group(concentrate+20%mixed silage+80%silage),T40 group(concentrate+40%mixed silage+60%silage),T60 group(concentrate+60%mixed silage+40%silage),and T80 group(concentrate+80%mixed silage+20%silage).The ratio of concentrate to roughage and the composition of concentrate were the same in the experimental group.Adaptation and experimental periods lasted for 10 and 150 d,respectively.【Result】(1)there was no significant difference in average daily gain(ADG)of Holstein bulls with different proportions of mixed silage instead of whole plant maize silage(P>0.05).The dry matter intake(DMI)of T20 group was 4.30%higher than that of T40 group(P<0.01),5.24%higher than that of T60 group(P<0.01),and 6.01%higher than that of T80 group(P<0.01).The feed gain ratio(F/G)of T40 group was the lowest,which was 4.08%(P<0.01),3.14%(P<0.05),and 5.60%(P<0.01)lower than that of T20,T60,and T80 groups,respectively.(2)Compared with T80 group,the apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF)and ether extract(EE)of the first three groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of crude protein(CP)of T20 group was significantly higher than that of T60 and T80 groups(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between T20 group and T40 g

关 键 词：荷斯坦奶公牛 马铃薯 稻草 全株玉米青贮 育肥性能 

分 类 号：S823.5[农业科学—畜牧学]