卡特政府时期美印围绕塔拉普核协议的分歧与协调  

The U.S.-Indian Renegotiation about the Tarapur Nuclear Agreement During the Carter Administration

作　　者：刘磊 LIU Lei

机构地区：[1]云南大学国际关系研究院暨区域国别研究院,昆明650091

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2023年第3期206-217,240,共13页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD242);云南省哲学社会科学专家工作站项目(2022GZZH01)。

摘　　要：20世纪六七十年代以来,除了发达的核工业国,很多发展中国家也在开发或扩大自己的核项目,特别是1974年印度的核爆炸试验使得国际民用核能向核武器化转向的形势更加严峻。卡特政府执政后,决定在福特政府努力的基础上进一步控制国际核扩散。美国行政与立法部门通过出台1978年《核不扩散法案》,推出了更为严格的核不扩散政策,加强了对美国国际商业核能贸易安全保障的控制。根据法案要求,卡特政府寻求与印度谈判,旨在修改双方早在1963年达成的塔拉普核协议,并要求印度核项目接受全面的安全保障。坚持独立自主核开发权利的印度拒绝接受这一条件后,卡特政府一度决定终止塔拉普核供应。然而,在1979年底遭遇苏联入侵阿富汗的地缘政治变局之后,卡特政府为防止印苏合作关系进一步加强,而不得不转向维持塔拉普核供应。这表明,在美苏冷战背景下,美国的核不扩散政策不得不服从和服务于遏制苏联的地缘政治目标。Since the late 1960s,besides some developed nuclear powers,many developing countries began to develop or upgrade their own nuclear programs.India's nuclear test in 1974 particularly brought more risks of nuclear weapons proliferation in the world.When Jimmy Carter took office,the Carter administration decided to work harder on the cause of international nuclear non-proliferation following Ford administration's effort.The U.S.executive and legislative branches had introduced a stricter global nuclear non-proliferation policy through the Nuclear Non-proliferation Act(NNPA)of 1978,which even put more security assurance on the U.S.own commercial nuclear trade.Following the NNPA,the Carter administration tried to renegotiate with India to modify the U.S.-Indian Tarapur nuclear agreement of 1963,and requested India to accept full security assurance.When India refused the request,the Carter administration even decided to shut down the Tarapur nuclear supply according to the NNPA.However,when the Soviet invasion to Afghanistan happened in December1979,the Carter administration had to turn to maintain the Tarapur nuclear supply so as to discourage India's further cooperation with the Soviet Union.It told a truth that the U.S.nuclear non-proliferation agenda had to serve and give way to the greater strategic goal of containing the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

关 键 词：核不扩散 美印关系 塔拉普核协议 地缘政治 美苏冷战 

分 类 号：F416.23[经济管理—产业经济] D871.2[政治法律—政治学] D835.1[政治法律—外交学]