在线庭审:实践限度与时代机遇  

Online Trial:Practical Limits and Opportunities of the Times

作　　者：李鑫[1,2] Li Xin

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院 [2]四川大学法学院智慧司法研究所

出　　处：《数字法治》2023年第2期151-167,共17页DIGITAL LAW

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“智慧法院建设的技术路径与实践策略研究”(19BFX028);四川省哲学社会科学重点研究基地“社会发展与社会风险控制研究中心”项目“社会组织纠纷解决功能研究”(SR17A07);四川大学法学院“创新2035”文明互鉴与全球治理研究计划法学课题“司法大数据服务社会治理的理论基础与实践路径”(XD20351aw003)。

摘　　要：在线庭审是法院信息化改革背景下庭审模式变迁的最新样本,顺应了社会公众线上线下行为趋同和模糊的趋势,成为实现接近正义目标的实效性举措。通过对在线庭审运行模式、适用范围及行为方式的司法实践考察,在线庭审目前尚存在对现有庭审方式的冲击、推广过程的挚肘、技术应用的局限等问题。为完善和保障在线庭审制度的实施,最高人民法院在总结各地法院实践样态的基础上,于2021年6月16日发布了《人民法院在线诉讼规则》,针对在线庭审的适用范围、线上线下转换权、庭审纪律、法律责任等方面进行了原则性规定。根据在线庭审的建设现状和新出台的司法解释,可以从四个维度进行完善:在制度规范方面,各级法院应尽快根据司法解释规定完成自我检视;在软件建设方面,应发挥在线庭审平台的司法工具价值;在硬件建设方面,应构建固定参审场所以平衡司法效率和司法公正;在提升路径方面,应结合场景拓展、应用集成和技术沉淀来实现在线庭审的革新。Online trial is the latest indication of the evolvement of trial mode against the background of IT application in courts,which conforms to the trend of convergence and ambiguity of division between the public's online and offline behavior.Accordingly,online trial has become an effective measure to realize access to justice.Through the research on the judicial practice in the aspects of operational mode,application scope and behaviors involved of online trial,some problems concerning online trial are ascertained,such as the disruption of the existing court trial mode,the restriction on its promotion,and the limitations on technological application.To improve the implementation of online trial system,the Supreme People's Court issued the Online Litigation Rules of the People's Court on June 16,2021,summing up the practice of local courts.It provides for the scope of application of online trial,the right to conversion of online and offline trial,the court discipline,legal liability and other aspects.Moving forward from the status quo of online trial and this new judicial interpretation,online trial can be improved from four dimensions:at the system level,courts at all levels should review and evaluate their relevant practice as soon as possible according to the provisions of the judicial interpretation;In terms of software construction,we should fully play the role of online trial platform as a useful judicial tool;In terms of hardware construction,we should designate physical courtrooms for trial participants to balance efficiency and fairness;In the aspect of promotion path,we should work on scenario expansion,application integration and technological advance to realize the innovation of online trial.

关 键 词：在线庭审 接近正义 在线化 在线庭审平台 固定参审场所 智能庭审 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]