美国贸易制裁下日本半导体产业的由盛转衰及其启示  

Japan's Semiconductor Industry's Transition from Strength to Weakness under U.S.Trade Sanctions and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：尹小平[1] 郭懿萦 李天琦[2] YIN Xiaoping;GUO Yiying;LI Tianqie(Northeast Asian Research Center,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China;Northeast Asian Studies College,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林大学东北亚学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《现代日本经济》2023年第3期35-49,共15页Contemporary Economy OF Japan

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“一战后日本的‘转向’与对外战略误判研究”(17JJD770010)。

摘　　要：半导体产业作为高科技产业的基石,其发展对国家具有重要的战略意义。二战后,日本半导体产业技术水平迅速提高,曾占据世界第一的领先位置,抢夺了美国的既有市场,导致美国对日本实施了一系列强硬的贸易制裁措施。最终,日本半导体产业失去了国际竞争力,陷入长期的衰退阶段。通过对这一历史过程的梳理,可总结出美国的贸易制裁措施及其对日本半导体产业造成的冲击,并从战略规划失误、产业政策负效应与企业的固有缺陷3个层面得出在冲击下日本半导体产业由盛转衰的缘由。通过比较美国对日本的贸易制裁与其对中国的不同并结合现实,以资中国应对半导体产业领域美国进一步的贸易制裁,提出中国应对策略和政策建议。As the cornerstone of the high-tech industry,the development of the semiconductor industry has strategic importance to a country.After World War II,Japan's semiconductor industry rapidly improved its technology level and occupied the world's leading position,which led to a series of tough trade sanctions imposed by the United States on Japan.Eventually,Japan's semiconductor industry lost its international competitiveness and entered a long-term weak stage.By studying this process,the article summarizes the impact of U.S.trade sanctions on Japan's semiconductor industry,and analyzes Japan's response to U.S.trade sanctions at three levels:inherent defects of the enterprise,negative effects of industrial policies and strategic planning errors.These are the root causes that led to the final weakness of its semiconductor industry from former stage of strength.Finally,compared with the similarities and differences between the U.S.trade sanctions against Japan and those against China,in order to provide on how China should respond to the U.S.trade sanctions in light of reality.

关 键 词：半导体产业 贸易摩擦 贸易制裁 日本 美国 

分 类 号：F13.313.43[经济管理—世界经济]