考虑电价敏感用户行为的电动汽车虚拟电厂外特性  

External Characteristics of Electric Vehicle Virtual Power Plant Considering Electricity Price-sensitive User Behavior

作　　者：张卫国 徐青山[1] 陈堃 林慧婕 ZHANG Weiguo;XU Qingshan;CHEN Kun;LIN Huijie(School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China;NARI Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210001,China;State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210000,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学网络空间安全学院,南京210096 [2]国电南瑞科技股份有限公司,南京210001 [3]国网江苏省电力有限公司,南京210000

出　　处：《高电压技术》2023年第4期1372-1379,共8页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家电网公司总部科技项目(5100–202118566A–0–5–SF)。

摘　　要：为了分析电价敏感型电动汽车用户接入对电网的影响,将考虑电价敏感用户行为的电动汽车虚拟电厂外特性作为研究对象,首先分析了电动汽车用户的空间和时间出行规律,对单体电动汽车的充电时长和充电负荷特性进行了建模,然后分析了分时电价对电价敏感用户充电行为的影响机理,随后基于蒙特卡洛法进行电动汽车虚拟电厂集群叠加,得到考虑电价敏感用户行为的电动汽车虚拟电厂外特性,并给出了基于蒙特卡洛法的考虑电价敏感用户行为电动汽车虚拟电厂外特性仿真流程。算例结果表明,当价格敏感型用户受到分时电价影响时,其聚集型充电行为会产生较大的尖峰负荷,整个电动汽车虚拟电厂外特性由平稳双峰型变为双峰叠加尖峰型,当电价敏感用户占总用户群体的比例不断升高时,尖峰负荷不断增大,将给电网的安全稳定运行带来影响,若能够将尖峰负荷进行引导分散至各低谷电价时段,则可以有效避免电动汽车虚拟电厂对电网的冲击。In order to analyze the impact of electricity price-sensitive electric vehicle users on the power grid,this paper takes the external characteristics of electric vehicle virtual power plants considering the behavior of electricity price-sensitive users as the research object.Firstly,the spatial and temporal travel laws of electric vehicle users are analyzed,and the charging time and charging load characteristics of single electric vehicles are modeled.Then,the influence mechanism of time-of-use electricity price on the charging behavior of electricity price-sensitive users is analyzed,and then the electric vehicle virtual power plant cluster is superimposed based on the Monte Carlo method.Finally,the external characteristics of electric vehicle virtual power plant considering electricity price-sensitive user behavior are obtained,and the simulation process of electric vehicle virtual power plant external characteristics considering electricity price sensitive user behavior based on the Monte Carlo method is given.The calculation example shows that,when the price-sensitive users are affected by the time-of-use electricity price,their aggregated charging behavior will generate a large peak load,and the external characteristics of the entire electric vehicle virtual power plant will change from a stable bimodal type to a bimodal superimposed peak type.When the proportion of electricity price-sensitive users in the total user group continues to increase,the peak load continues to increase,which will affect the safe and stable operation of the power grid.If the peak load can be guided and distributed to various low electricity price periods,the impact of electric vehicle virtual power plants on the power grid can be effectively avoided.

关 键 词：电动汽车 虚拟电厂 用户行为 分时电价 蒙特卡洛仿真 

分 类 号：U491.8[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理] TM73[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]