Ultrasmall CoS nanoparticles embedded in heteroatom-doped carbon for sodium-ion batteries and mechanism explorations via synchrotron X-ray techniques  

作　　者：Congcong Liu Qiongqiong Lu Mikhail V.Gorbunov Ahmad Omar Ignacio G.Gonzalez Martinez Panpan Zhao Martin Hantusch Antonius Dimas Chandra Permana Huanyu He Nikolai Gaponik Daria Mikhailova 

机构地区：[1]Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research(IFW)Dresden e.V.,Helmholtzstraße 20,01069 Dresden,Germany [2]Inorganic Chemistry II,Technische Universität Dresden,Bergstraße 66,01069 Dresden,Germany [3]Physical Chemistry,Technische Universität Dresden,Zellescher Weg 19,01069 Dresden,Germany

出　　处：《Journal of Energy Chemistry》2023年第4期373-381,共9页能源化学（英文版）

基　　金：the financial support from China Scholarship Council(202108080263);Financial support by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)under the project“He Na”(03XP0390C);the German Research Foundation(DFG)under the joint German-Russian DFG project“KIBSS”(448719339)are acknowledged;the financial support from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)under the project“Ka Si Li”(03XP0254D)in the competence cluster“Excell Batt Mat”。

摘　　要：Transition metal sulfides have been regarded as promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIB).However,they face the challenges of poor electronic conductivity and large volume change,which result in capacity fade and low rate capability.In this work,a composite containing ultrasmall CoS(~7 nm)nanoparticles embedded in heteroatom(N,S,and O)-doped carbon was synthesized by an efficient one-step sulfidation process using a Co(Salen)precursor.The ultrasmall CoS nanoparticles are beneficial for mechanical stability and shortening Na-ions diffusion pathways.Furthermore,the N,S,and O-doped defect-rich carbon provides a robust and highly conductive framework enriched with active sites for sodium storage as well as mitigates volume expansion and polysulfide shuttle.As anode for SIB,CoS@HDC exhibits a high initial capacity of 906 mA h g^(-1)at 100 mA g^(-1)and a stable long-term cycling life with over 1000 cycles at 500 mA g^(-1),showing a reversible capacity of 330 mA h g^(-1).Meanwhile,the CoS@HDC anode is proven to maintain its structural integrity and compositional reversibility during cycling.Furthermore,Na-ion full batteries based on the CoS@HDC anode and Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode demonstrate a stable cycling behavior with a reversible specific capacity of~200 m A h g^(-1)at least for 100 cycles.Moreover,advanced synchrotron operando X-ray diffraction,ex-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy,and comprehensive electrochemical tests reveal the structural transformation and the Co coordination chemistry evolution of the CoS@HDC during cycling,providing fundamental insights into the sodium storage mechanism.

关 键 词：Sodium-ion batteries Cobalt sulfide nanoparticles Heteroatom-doped porous carbon matrix Synchrotron X-ray techniques Reaction mechanisms 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] TQ138.12[化学工程—无机化工] TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]