肉身苦难与死亡之于“个人主义”的制衡作用——以青年鲁迅精神中“自由”与“人道”的纠葛为切入点  

The Counterbalance of the Physical Suffering and Death to“Individualism”--With the Conflict between“Freedom”and“Humanity”in the Spirit of Young Lu Xun as a Breakthrough Point

作　　者：魏创世 WEI Chuang-shi(School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《海南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期32-39,共8页Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：关于鲁迅思想中的内在矛盾,有研究者认为是“个人主义”与“人道主义”二者冲突的结果,但对于究竟是何种具体的要素使这一矛盾获得了动态平衡这一问题,尚鲜有学者论述。留日时期的鲁迅精神中“自由”与“人道”的纠葛便是“个人主义”与“人道主义”之冲突的最初表达。在鲁迅的“自由”或“个人主义”之中,潜藏着向“个人无治主义”乃至虚无主义滑落的危险。“自性”概念位于鲁迅“个人主义”的最底层,这一概念与章太炎密不可分。不过,不同于章太炎“自性”概念根基处的空无,鲁迅以人之肉身苦难与死亡的切实性遏制住了这一相对主义式的思路;同样,对肉身苦难与死亡的关切也对“个人主义”向“个人无治主义”的彻底滑落起到了关键性的制衡作用。Some researchers have argued that the inherent contradiction in Lu Xun’s thought is the result of the conflict between“individualism”and“humanitarianism”.However,few scholars have discussed the specific elements that make this contradiction achieve a dynamic balance.The entanglement of“freedom”and“humanity”in Lu Xun’s spirit during his stay in Japan was the initial expression of the conflict between“individualism”and“humanitarianism”.In Lu Xun’s“freedom”or“individualism”there is a risk of slipping into“individual anarchy”or even nihilism.The concept of“self-nature”,located at the bottom of Lu Xun’s“individualism”,is inseparable from that of Zhang Taiyan.However,unlike the emptiness at the root of Zhang Taiyan’s concept of“self-nature”,Lu Xun restrained this relativist thinking with the reality of human physical suffering and death.Similarly,the concern with the human physical suffering and death also played a key role in checking and balancing the complete slide from“individualism”to“individual anarchy”.

关 键 词：鲁迅 肉身 “个人主义” “个人无治主义” “人道主义” 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]