大理典型植烟县烟田土壤速效养分时空变异特征  

Spatial-temporal Variability of Soil Available Nutrients in Typical Tobacco Planting Counties of Dali

作　　者：程晓梅 王晋峰 孙楠[2] 蒯雁 范志勇[3] 张久权[4] 徐明岗 李建华[1] CHENG Xiaomei;WANG Jinfeng;SUN Nan;KUAI Yan;FAN Zhiyong;ZHANG Jiuquan;XU Minggang;LI Jianhua(Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology,Shanxi Agricultural University,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources,Taiyuan 030031,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Tobacco Company of Dali Prefecture,Yunnan Tobacco Company,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Institute of Tobacco Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266101,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学生态环境产业技术研究院,土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室,太原030031 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业农村部耕地质量监测与评价重点实验室,北京100081 [3]云南省烟草公司大理州公司,云南大理671000 [4]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,青岛266101

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2023年第2期15-21,共7页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：云南烟草公司科技计划项目(2021530000241026)。

摘　　要：探明烟田土壤速效养分时空变异特征,为烤烟高产优质的施肥管理提供科学依据。应用地统计学等方法,分析了大理州祥云和弥渡两个典型植烟县1982、2012和2022年烟田土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的时空演变特征。1982-2022年祥云土壤碱解氮含量呈先增后降趋势,弥渡土壤碱解氮含量3个年度间无显著差异且以Ⅲ级为主(100~150 mg/kg),空间分布均匀。烟区土壤有效磷和速效钾含量均呈不同程度上升趋势,弥渡北部和祥云中西部高,其他区域低。近40年土壤速效养分块金效应由<25%上升至50%,表明养分空间变异的影响因素中地形等自然因素影响减弱,施肥等人为因素影响增强。土壤碱解氮含量一直处于中等水平(100~150mg/kg),磷钾肥施用导致有效磷和速效钾含量持续升高。根据土壤速效养分丰缺状况,祥云中北部、西部及弥渡北部区域烟田应“稳氮减磷钾”,其余区域需注意“稳氮控磷钾”。The spatial-temporal variation characteristics of soil available nutrients were studied to provide scientific basis for fertilization management of high yield and high quality in tobacco fields.The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in two typical counties of Xiangyun and Midu in Dali prefecture in 1982,2012 and 2022 were analyzed by using geostatistics.From 1982 to 2022,the average content of soil available nitrogen in Xiangyun county increased first and then decreased.There was no significant difference in soil available nitrogen between three years in Midu,which was mainly grade III(100-150 mg/kg)and evenly distributed spatially.The contents of soil available phosphorus and available potassium in tobacco-growing areas showed an upward trend to various degrees,which were high in the north of Midu and the central and western parts of Xiangyun,and low in other regions.In recent 40 years,the nugget effect of soil available nutrients increased from<25%to 50%,indicating that the influence of natural factors such as topography on the spatial variation of nutrients was weakened,and human factors such as fertilization was enhanced.The content of soil available nitrogen was at a medium level(100-150 mg/kg),and the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium increased continuously due to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.According to the abundance and deficiency of soil available nutrients,for the tobacco fields in north central and west of Xiangyun and north of Midu we should'stabilize nitrogen and reduce phosphorus and potassium',and for the rest areas we need to pay attention to'stabilize nitrogen and control phosphorus and potassium'.

关 键 词：大理州 烟田 速效养分 时空变异 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]