金属纳米颗粒的环境行为及其与藻类的相互作用概述  

Environmental behavior of metal nanoparticles and their interactions with planktonic algae:A review

作　　者：韩泽蓉 缪爱军[1] HAN Zerong;MIAO Aijun(State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,School of the Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing,210023,China)

机构地区：[1]污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,南京大学环境学院,南京210023

出　　处：《环境化学》2023年第5期1466-1483,共18页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21822605,22176093);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2022300303)资助.

摘　　要：金属纳米颗粒在各领域的应用日益广泛,可通过多种途径进入环境,并在水生生态系统中积累.因此关于其进入水环境后的行为及与水中初级生产者—藻类相互作用的研究至关重要.金属纳米颗粒在水中会发生团聚、沉降、溶解、硫化反应及光化学反应等,这些行为受到自身理化性质(大小、形状、表面电荷、晶体结构、化学组成等)和环境因素(pH、离子强度、阳离子价态等)的影响,进而改变金属纳米颗粒在藻类表面的吸附聚集和可能的吸收累积.金属纳米颗粒还可能影响藻类光合作用、引起氧化应激、甚至造成藻类的凋亡.同时,与金属纳米颗粒共存的其它污染物及天然有机质也可能改变金属纳米颗粒的行为、生物吸附、生物累积和生物效应.相应地,藻类在面对金属纳米颗粒胁迫时也会启动自我防御机制.尽管如此,真实环境中金属纳米颗粒与藻类的相互作用及分子机制仍有待进一步研究.Metallic nanoparticles(MNPs)have been widely used in various fields.They can enter the environment through a variety of ways and accumulate in aquatic ecosystems.Researches on their behavior and interactions with planktonic algae,the important primary producers in the aquatic environment,are important.Once MNPs enter aquatic environment,they will undergo aggregation,settlement,dissolution,sulfidation,and photochemical reactions.The behavior of MNPs is affected by their own physicochemical properties(e.g.,size,shape,surface charge,crystal structure and chemical composition)and environmental factors(e.g.,pH,ionic strength,cation valence,etc.),which in turn changes the adsorption of MNPs on algal surface,as well as possible absorption and accumulation.MNPs may also affect algal photosynthesis,induce oxidative stress,and even cause algal apoptosis.At the same time,other pollutants and natural organic matter coexisting with MNPs may change the behavior,biosorption,bioaccumulation and biological effects of MNPs.Correspondingly,algae will also activate self-defense mechanisms when facing the stress of MNPs.Nevertheless,interactions between MNPs and algae in the real environment and the molecular mechanism underlying the above interactions still need to be studied in the future.

关 键 词：金属纳米颗粒 藻类 环境行为 生物累积 毒性 

分 类 号：X50[环境科学与工程—环境工程]