引发2021—2022年度湖光岩玛珥湖水华事件的主要藻种及原因分析  

The dominant algal species and the controlling factors triggered 2021—2022 Huguangyan Maar Lake algal bloom event

作　　者：彭美燕 黎灿明 夏嘉 宋之光 文彬 PENG Meiyan;LI Canming;XIA Jia;SONG Zhiguang;WEN Bin(Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang,524088,China;Nanning Normal University,Nanning,530001,China;Zhanjiang Meteorological Bureau,Zhanjiang,524001,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学,湛江524088 [2]南宁师范大学,南宁530001 [3]广东省湛江市气象局,湛江524001

出　　处：《环境化学》2023年第5期1642-1650,共9页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：广东海洋大学“创新强校”资助项目(Q18301);广东海洋大学“冲一流”(231419029)资助.

摘　　要：水华(algal bloom)是水体中藻类过度繁殖所引起的生态环境问题,水华的暴发会对水体环境以及水生生态平衡造成严重的破坏.湖光岩玛珥湖是低平地区火山口形成的湖泊,具有相对封闭的水体环境,是研究认识较为单纯的水文条件下水华形成与发展的理想场所,研究其水华暴发期间的主要藻种构成及水生态环境条件对认识水华形成的原因具有积极的意义.本文对2021年12月—2022年3月期间湖光岩水华暴发的主要藻类进行了分析鉴定,并从营养盐条件、水文条件、气象因素等方面探讨分析湖光岩水华暴发的原因.结果表明:(1)湖光岩水华暴发的主要藻种为绿藻门中的小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)以及蓝藻门中的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa);(2)湖光岩表层水营养盐含量分析显示,SiO_(3)^(2−)-Si的含量最高,PO_(4)^(3−)-P的含量最低,NO_(2)^(−)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N、NH_(4)^(+)-N的含量在不同采样点基本保持稳定,而与前人在没有发生水华的年份所做的湖光岩水体营养盐含量分析相比,水华期间SiO_(3)^(2−)-Si、PO_(4)^(3−)-P以及NH4^(+)-N的含量显著增加,而其他营养盐组分则变化不大,PO_(4)^(3−)-P、NH4^(+)-N为调控湖光岩浮游藻类生长的重要营养盐因子,因此水体中PO_(4)^(3−)-P、NH_(4)^(+)-N含量的增加是造成湖光岩发生水华的主要原因;(3)湖光岩水华的暴发主要与水体中营养盐的浓度变化有关,而适宜的水文环境以及气候条件等也有利于水华的暴发.Algal bloom is an ecological and environmental problem caused by the overbreeding of algal in the water,and the outbreak of algal bloom will cause serious damage to the water environment and aquatic ecological balance.Huguangyan Maar lake is a lake formed by volcanic craters in low-flat areas,with a relatively closed hydrological environment,it is an ideal place to study the occurrence of algal bloom under relatively simple hydrological conditions,and the study of the main algal species and ecological conditions of lake water environmental conditions during the outbreaks of algal bloom is significance for understanding the causes of algal bloom.This study has analyzed and identified the dominant algal species which caused the algal bloom in Huguangyan Maar lake from December 2021 to March 2022,and discussed the outbreak causes of algal bloom in terms of nutrient conditions,hydrological conditions,meteorological factors.The results showed that(1)the dominant algal species that consisting of the algal bloom are chlorella vulgaris of the phylum Chlorellavulgaris and microcystis aeruginosa of the cyanobacteria phylum;(2)the analysis of the surface water nutrients show that the content of SiO_(3)^(2−)-Si is the highest nutrient as the PO_(4)^(3−)-P being the lowest one;the content of NO_(2)^(−)-N、NO_(3)^(−)-N、NH_(4)^(+)-N is basically same at all four sampling sites.By comparing with the earlier nutrient data of the surface water in Huguangyan Maar lake in previous studies,the content of SiO_(3)^(2−)-Si,PO_(4)^(3−)-P and NH_(4)^(+)-N show significant increase during the algal bloom,while other nutrients are generally remain same,PO_(4)^(3−)-P、NH_(4)^(+)-N are important nutrient factors regulating the growth of the planktonic algal in Huguangyan Maar lake,therefore it seems that the increase content of PO_(4)^(3−)-P and NH^(4)^(+)-N in the lake water are likely the main reason for the outbreak of algal bloom in Huguangyan Maar lake;(3)the outbreak of algal bloom in Huguangyan Maar lake is mainly r

关 键 词：水华 主要藻种 营养盐 湖光岩玛珥湖 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]