氯氟烃替代物的过去、现在和未来  

Past,present and future of chlorofluorocarbons substitutes

作　　者：张呈平 郭勤 权恒道 ZHANG Chengping;GUO Qin;QUAN Hengdao(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学化学与化工学院,北京100081

出　　处：《精细化工》2023年第5期941-952,共12页Fine Chemicals

摘　　要：该文对氯氟烃(CFCs)替代物的开发方法、发展现状进行了介绍。目前,开发出的CFCs替代物包括氢氯氟碳(HCFCs)、氢氟烃(HFCs)和氢氟烯烃(HFOs)。其中,HFOs环境性能优异,可在制冷和发泡领域实现对HFCs的替代。总结了HFOs的主要合成路线,并指出最佳的产业化路线。展望了CFCs替代物的未来发展趋势,由于HFOs的核心专利被国外发达国家所垄断,而且HFOs存在二次污染和易燃的风险,同时HFOs类物质的性能难以满足精密清洗、高端芯片先进制造、高压电器绝缘等领域的使用要求,因此,今后的研究重点在于,开发满足国家重大战略需求的新一代替代物,实现诸多领域CFCs的精准替代。The development methods and status quo of substitutes for chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)were introduced in this review.Hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs),hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs)and hydrofluoroolefins(HFOs)are main CFC substitutes currently developed,of which HFOs showed excellent environmental friendness and could replace HFCs in the fields of refrigeration and foaming.Herein,the main synthetic routes as well as the optimal industrialization route of HFOs were summarized.Moreover,it was proposed that the future development directions of CFC substitutes should focus on developing a new generation of alternatives to meet our nations's major strategic needs and achieve precise replacement of CFCs in many fields based on the existing problems of intellectual monopoly of core components by foreign developed countries,the risk of secondary pollution and flammability and inadequate performance in m eeting the application requirements in the fields of precision cleaning,high-end chip manufacturing process and high-voltage electrical insulation.

关 键 词：氯氟烃 杂原子氟化物 含氟炔烃 氢氟烯烃 五元环氟化物 氢氟烃 氢氯氟烃 制冷 发泡 

分 类 号：TQ207.1[化学工程—有机化工] TQ213TQ203.2