风速对高层全开口楼梯间烟气蔓延的影响  

Study on the influence of the number of stairwell windows on flue gas spreading characteristics

作　　者：战乃岩[1] 苗盼 毛开宗 蔡宗佑 ZHAN Nai-yan;MIAO Pan;MAO Kai-zong;CAI Zong-you(School of Emergency Science and Engineering,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林建筑大学应急科学与工程学院,长春130118

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2023年第4期1079-1084,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：长春市科技发展计划项目(21ZY46)。

摘　　要：采用BIM和Pyrosim火灾模拟软件,建立火灾模型,针对不同火灾场景烟气蔓延特性及温度、CO质量分数分布规律进行研究,剖析不同风速对全开口楼梯间烟气蔓延特性的影响。结果表明:火灾发生时,风速一定的情况下,随着楼梯间开口数量的增多,烟气蔓延高度增加,但温度和CO质量分数逐渐降低,有效降低了人员疏散的危险性;当开口数量一定时,风速的存在会提高楼梯间烟气温度,改变楼梯间内烟气运动轨迹,使烟气在底层及楼梯间出口处大量聚集,增大人员疏散难度。研究结果可为高层建筑预防火灾蔓延、合理设计人员疏散路径、保证人员疏散安全提供参考。BIM and Pyrosim fire simulation software are used to establish a fire model.The open floors with windows are set as 1 floor,1 floor and 4 floors,2 floors,4 floors,6 floors and 8 floors,and all open four fire conditions,and set 1 m/s,2 m/s,3 m/s,4 m/s,7 m/s and 10 m/s for numerical simulation,so as to study the influence of wind speed on the spread of fire smoke under the condition of full opening in the staircase.The results show that when the fire occurs,when there is no natural wind speed outside,with the increase of the number of stairwell openings,the smoke spread height also increases in the same simulation period.When there is only one floor opening,the smoke spread height is the lowest,but the temperature and CO mass fraction are the highest;Under the condition of a full opening,the smoke spread height is the highest,and the temperature and CO mass fraction in the staircase are the lowest,which reduces the harm of smoke temperature and toxic gas to personnel.When the number of openings in the staircase is certain,the existence of wind speed will lead to the increase of flue gas temperature in the staircase,change the trajectory of flue gas in the staircase,and make the flue gas gather at the exit of the staircase from the window.The greater the wind speed,the more unable the flue gas can be discharged,and the higher the temperature in the staircase,which will be detrimental to the safe evacuation of personnel.This paper provides a reference for high-rise buildings to prevent fire spread,reasonably design personnel evacuation routes and ensure personnel evacuation safety.It provides data support and a theoretical basis for the smoke spread characteristics of high-rise building staircases.

关 键 词：安全工程 高层民用建筑 风速 火蔓延特性 模型模拟 

分 类 号：X596[环境科学与工程—环境工程]