发动机余热温差发电的研究现状与挑战  

Research status and challenges of waste heat thermoelectric generation for engines

作　　者：郑友取 应杰[2] 李国能 朱亦圆[2] 沈融 汤元君 郭文文 ZHENG Youqu;YING Jie;LI Guoneng;ZHU Yiyuan;SHEN Rong;TANG Yuanjun;GUO Wenwen(College of Mechanical Engineering,Quzhou University,Quzhou 324000,China;Department of Energy and Environment System Engineering,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]衢州学院机械工程学院,浙江衢州324000 [2]浙江科技学院能源与环境系统工程系,浙江杭州310023

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2023年第3期25-35,共11页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划(2020C03115);浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(LZ21E060001)。

摘　　要：节能是我国实现“双碳”目标最重要和最经济的手段之一,当前发动机效率不高,工作时有大量余热排放到环境中。基于塞贝克效应的半导体余热温差发电技术在利用发动机余热方面有独特的优势,吸引了广泛深入的研究。本文介绍了发动机余热温差发电系统的技术原理、器件结构和余热温差发电系统的构成,并对国内外研究进行了系统回顾,分析了当前热电材料和系统的发展状况、应用潜力、评价指标和存在的问题和挑战,并给出了若干个影响发动机余热温差发电系统性能的关键科学问题和初步解决思路。热端温度分布的不均匀性是当前余热温差发电系统的设计难点;此外还需要平衡余热温差发电系统中集热器的集热效率和压降之间本征矛盾关系,以便获得最大的节油率。本文还给出了作者团队在发动机余热温差发电应用示范工程中发现的新问题和获得的新数据,为后续研究提供了有意义的参考。Energy conservation is one of the most important and economical ways to achieve the targets of Carbon Emissions Peak and Carbon Neutrality in our country.Waste heat is largely discharged into the environment during the engine operation resulting in the low engine working efficiency.The technology of semiconductor thermoelectric generation based on the Seebeck effect has great advantages in waste heat utilization from engines,which has been attracting extensive and intensive researches.This study introduces the working principle of thermoelectric generation,the device structure,and the components of the thermoelectric generation system.A review of thermoelectric generation research at home and abroad isalso presented,in which the R&D status,application potential,evaluation metrics,and current challenges of thermoelectric materials and systems are analyzed.Several key scientific problems that affect the performance of the waste heat thermoelectric generation system,including thermoelectric efficiency and overall power generation efficiency,are proposed,and the corresponding preliminary solutions are given.The non-uniformity of the hot-end temperature distribution is one of the essential problems to design a high-performance waste heat thermoelectric generation system.In addition,the inherent contradictory between heat collection efficiency of the heat collector and pressure drop should be balanced to achieve the maximum fuel saving rate.Besides,new issues and data in application demonstration project of engine waste heat utilization have been presented to provide a useful guidance for future studies.

关 键 词：余热利用 温差发电 热电效率 系统效率 评价指标 

分 类 号：X706[环境科学与工程—环境工程]